Assessing The Adequacy of the Kirkpatrick Model in Evaluating The Performance of Public Sector Apparatus Training: A Post-Learning Evaluative Study of Distance Learning Training at The Tax Education and Training Center
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dijms.v7i5.6826Keywords:
Kirkpatrick Model, Training Evaluation, Distance Learning, Public Sector Apparatus, Post-Learning EvaluationAbstract
This study aims to assess the adequacy of the Kirkpatrick Model in evaluating the performance of distance learning (PJJ)-based public sector apparatus training through a post-learning evaluation approach. The research focuses on four distance learning (PJJ) programs organized by the Tax Education and Training Center (Pusdiklat Pajak). This study uses a model-oriented evaluation approach with an evaluative case study design. The data used are sourced from Level 3 and Level 4 Post-Learning Evaluation (Epaspem) reports, which are analyzed using mixed methods with a limited explanatory approach. Quantitative analysis is used to assess the empirical performance of the Kirkpatrick Model at Level 3 (behavior) and Level 4 (outcomes), while qualitative analysis is conducted to examine the model's limitations in representing evaluation results in the context of distance learning and the public sector. The results show that the Kirkpatrick Model is able to identify changes in work behavior and provide an overview of the short-term work outcomes of alumni in the four distance learning programs. However, this model still has limitations, especially in explaining impact attribution and in representing organizational performance more comprehensively.
References
Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Arikunto, S., & Abdul Jabar, C. S. (2008). Evaluasi Program Pendidikan: Pedoman Teoritis Praktis Bagi Mahasiswa Dan Praktisi Pendidikan. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.
Aziz, DS Widodo, IK Subagja. (2021). Effect of Training and HR Development on Employee Performance with Motivation as an Intervening Variable in PT. Rekasis Gigatama. Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances. 06(02), 169–181.
Azmy, A., & Setiarini, N. Y. (2023). Kirkpatrick Model as an Evaluation Training Program for Assessors: Case Study of a Government Employee. International Journal of Management, Accounting and Economics, 10(9), 675–696.
Bates, R. (2004). A critical Analysis of Evaluation Practice: The Kirkpatrick model and the principle of beneficence. Evaluation and Program Planning, 27(3), 341–347.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2004.04.011
Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document Analysis As a Qualitative Research Method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27–40.
https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Engriyani, E., & Rugaiyah, R. (2022). Evaluasi Program Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Menggunakan Model Kirkpatrick Pada Institusi Pemerintah Di Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 8(23), 683–692.
Faizin, A., & Kusumaningrum, H. (2023). Review Model-Model Evaluasi Program Untuk Pendidikan Dan Pelatihan Online. EduManajerial: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan, 1(1), 42–54.
https://doi.org/10.15408/em.v1i1.32245
Fitzpatrick, J. L., Sanders, J. R., & Worthen, B. R. (2011). Program Evaluation: Alternative Approaches And Practical Guidelines (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Handalani, R. T., & Soesanto, H. (2022). Evaluasi Pelatihan Model Kirkpatrick Dan Model Kemp Menggunakan SEM‑PLS: Studi Kasus Pelatihan Bendahara Pengeluaran Di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. MONAS: Jurnal Inovasi Aparatur, 4(2), 453–467.
Huey-Tsyh Chen. (2005). Practical Program Evaluation: Theory-Driven Evaluation and the Integrated Evaluation Perspective (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
Joseph S. Wholey, “Evaluability Assessment.”. (2010). Handbook of Practical Program Evaluation, ed. Joseph S. Wholey, Harry P. Hatry, and Kathryn E. Newcomer (San Francisco: Jossey-Bass).
Khalimi, A., & Sihombing, P. R. (2021). Evaluasi model Kirkpatrick pelatihan persiapan sertifikasi penyuluh antikorupsi pada Pusdiklat PSDM Kementerian Keuangan. Perspektif: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Manajemen, 19(2), 184–189.
Kirkpatrick, D. L., & Kirkpatrick, J. D. (2006). Evaluating training programs: The four levels (3rd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Kirkpatrick, D. L., & Kirkpatrick, J. D. (2007). Implementing The Four Levels: A Practical Guide For Effective Evaluation Of Training Programs. San Francisco, CA: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content analysis: An Introduction To Its Methodology (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Lin, Y. T., & Chuang, H. T. (2011). The application of Kirkpatrick’s Four-Level Training Evaluation Model To Evaluate Training Effectiveness. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4(2), 17–26.
Michael Quinn Patton. (2008). Utilization-Focused Evaluation, edisi ke-4 (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
OECD. (2019). Better Criteria for Better Evaluation: Revised Evaluation Criteria Definitions and Principles for Use (Paris: OECD Publishing).
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Peraturan Menteri Keuangan Republik Indonesia Nomor 124 Tahun 2024 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Kementerian Keuangan. (2024). Berita Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 2024.
Peter H. Rossi, Mark W. Lipsey, and Howard E. Freeman. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach, edisi ke-7 (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications).
Phillips, J. J., & Phillips, P. P. (2007). Measuring Return On Investment In Training And Performance Improvement Programs. Burlington, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
Pollitt, C., & Bouckaert, G. (2017). Public Management Reform: A Comparative Analysis – Into The Age Of Austerity (4th ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Ritonga, R., Saepudin, A., & Wahyudin, U. (2019). Penerapan Model Evaluasi Kirkpatrick Empat Level Dalam Mengevaluasi Program Diklat Di Balai Besar Pelatihan Pertanian Lembang. Jurnal Pendidikan Nonformal, 14(1), 12–19.
Rossi, P. H., Lipsey, M. W., & Freeman, H. E. (2004). Evaluation: A Systematic Approach (7th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Syafitri, I., & Tumanggor, B. F. (2023). Evaluasi Pelatihan Kebencanaan Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil Dengan Model Kirkpatrick Di Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana Republik Indonesia. Jurnal Administrasi Publik, xx(x), xx–xx.
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research And Applications: Design And Methods (6th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Dito Mahar Putro, Iwan Kurniawan Subagja, Azis Hakim
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Dinasti International Journal of Management Science (DIJMS) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Dinasti International Journal of Management Science (DIJMS).
