The Influence of Organizational Virtuousness and Psychological Capital on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Happiness at Work as a Mediator (Study on Bank Employees in the Special Region of Yogyakarta)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v6i3.4758Keywords:
Bank Employees, Happiness at Work, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Organizational Virtuousness, Psychological CapitalAbstract
This study explores how Organizational Virtuousness and Psychological Capital influence Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among bank employees in Yogyakarta, with Happiness at Work as a mediating factor. It aims to provide insights into promoting positive employee behavior and well-being amid high-stress banking environments. This study uses a quantitative explanatory approach to explore the causal relationships between Organizational Virtuousness, Psychological Capital, Happiness at Work, and Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among banking employees in DIY, employing closed-ended questionnaires, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), and mediation analysis to test the hypotheses. This study concludes that both Organizational Virtuousness and Psychological Capital significantly enhance Happiness at Work, which in turn positively influences Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB). Happiness at Work acts as a key mediator, with indirect effects from both Organizational Virtuousness and Psychological Capital on OCB exceeding their direct effects. These findings highlight the importance of fostering optimism, integrity, and resilience to promote employee well-being and prosocial behavior. Organizations are advised to develop supportive cultures and implement targeted programs that build psychological resources and ethical values.
Keyword: Bank Employees, Happiness at Work, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB), Organizational Virtuousness, Psychological Capital
References
Akçakanat, T. (2020). The effect of happiness at work on organizational citizenship behavior: The role of intrinsic motivation and resilience. In E. Baykal (Ed.), Handbook of research on positive organizational behavior for improved workplace performance (pp. 179–200). Business Science Reference/IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-0058-3.ch011
Akçakanat, T. (2020). The Effect of Happiness at Work on Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation and Resilience Handbook of Research on Positive Organizational Behavior for Improved Workplace Performance (pp. 179-200): IGI Global.
Arifin, N., Fuad, E.N., & Muhson, A. (2022). Innovative behaviour in religious-based theory of planned behaviour perspective. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SA Tydskrif vir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 20(0), a1809. https://doi. org/10.4102/sajhrm. v20i0.1809
Arsyad, M., Lestari, S. R., Sari, M. S., & Rohman, F. (2023). Construction of structural correlation of quantitative literacy and critical thinking, and factors affecting them in students of pre-service biology teachers. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 19(10), em2342. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/13651
Avey, J. B., Luthans, F., Smith, R. M., & Palmer, N. F. (2010). Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 15(1), 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016998
Boehm, J. K., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2008). Does happiness promote career success? Journal of Career Assessment, 16(1), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072707308140
Bright, D. S., Cameron, K. S., & Caza, A. (2006). The amplifying and buffering effects of virtuousness in downsized organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 64(3), 249-269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-005-5904-4
Cameron, K., Bright, D. & Caza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationship between organizational virtuousness and performance. The American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203260209
Cameron, K. S., Bright, D., & Caza, A. (2004). Exploring the relationships between organizational virtuousness and performance. American Behavioral Scientist, 47(6), 766–790. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764203260209
Cameron, K. S., & Winn, B. (2012). Virtuousness in organizations. In K. S. Cameron & G. M. Spreitzer (Eds.), The Oxford handbook of positive organizational scholarship (pp. 231-243). Oxford University Press.
Chamisa, S. F., Mjoli, T. Q., & Mhlanga, T. S. (2020). Psychological capital and organisational citizenship behaviour in selected public hospitals in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. SA Journal of Human Resource Management/SATydskrif vir Menslikehulpbronbestuur, 18(0), a1247.
Choi, Y., & Lee, D. (2014). Psychological capital, Big Five traits, and employee outcomes. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 29(2), 122–140. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-06-2012-0193
Christanto, Y. M., & Santoso, S. (2022). The influence of service quality, corporate image, and customer satisfaction on customer loyalty in banking sector in Yogyakarta. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 11(7), 9–16. https://www.ssbfnet.com/ojs/index.php/ijrbs
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004). Beyond Money: Toward an Economy of Well-Being. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 5(1), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00501001.x
Fahruni, R. R., Artiningsih, D. W., & Widyanti, R. (2025). The influence of perceived organizational support and organizational virtuousness on performance mediated by employee well-being in a glass packaging beverage company. At-Tadbir: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 9(1), 61–83.
Fisher, C. D. (2010). Happiness at work. International Journal of Management Reviews, 12(4), 384–412. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2009.00270.x
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218–226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Gustari, I., & Widodo, W. (2021). On psychological capital affects organizational citizenship behaviour through affective commitment. Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, DOI: 10.32996/jhsss.
Jin, M., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Huang, J., Feng, F., Gong, S., Wang, F., Zeng, L., Yuan, Z., & Wang, J. (2022). A cross sectional study of the impact of psychological capital on organisational citizenship behaviour among nurses: Mediating effect of work engagement. Journal of nursing management, 30(5), 1263–1272. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13609
Kawalya, C., Munene, J. C., Ntayi, J., Kagaari, J., Mafabi, S., & Kasekende, F. (2019). Psychological capital and happiness at the workplace: The mediating role of flow experience. Cogent Business & Management, 6(1), 1685060. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1685060
Kerari, A., Bahari, G., Aldossery, N., Qadhi, O., & Alghamdi, A. (2023). A mixed-methods sequential explanatory study of the factors that impact nurses’ perspectives toward nurse practitioners’ roles in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare, 11(1), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11010146
Kumar, R. V. R., & Arnav, A. (2019). A study on psychological capital as a predictor of organizational citizenship behaviour. Online International Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 9(Special Issue 01), 1–7.
Luthans, F., Avey, J. B., & Patera, J. L. (2008). Experimental analysis of a web-based training intervention to develop positive psychological capital. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 7(2), 209–221. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMLE.2008.32712618
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Avey, J. B., & Norman, S. M. (2007). Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology, 60(3), 541–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x
Nikandrou, I., & Tsachouridi, I. (2015). Towards a better understanding of the "buffering effects" of organizational virtuousness' perceptions on employee outcomes. Management Decision, 53(8), 1823-1842. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-06-2015-0251
Norman, S. M., Avey, J. B., Nimnicht, J. L., & Graber Pigeon, N. (2010). The interactive effects of psychological capital and organizational identity on employee organizational citizenship and deviance behaviors. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 17(4), 380–391. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051809353764
Paradhan, R. K., Jena, L. K., & Bhattacharya, P. (2016). Impact of psychological capital on organizational citizenship behaviour: Moderating role of emotional intelligence. Cogent Business & Management, 3, 1194174. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2016.1194174
Rego, A., Ribeiro, N., & Cunha, M. P. (2010). Perceptions of organizational virtuousness and happiness as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0197-7
Rego, A., Ribeiro, N., & Cunha, M. P. (2010). Perceptions of organizational virtuousness and happiness as predictors of organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Business Ethics, 93(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0197-7
Rego, A., Sousa, F., Marques, C., & Cunha, M. P. (2011). Authentic leadership promoting employees' psychological capital and creativity. Journal of Business Research, 65(3), 429-437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.10.003
Salahuddin, F., Achmar, Z., & Lantang, D. V. (2025). Pengaruh employee engagement terhadap organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) pada Hotel Aryaduta Makassar. YUME: Journal of Management, 8(1), 270–277.
Salas-Vallina, A., & Alegre, J. (2018). Happiness at work: Developing a shorter measure. Journal of Management and Organization, 27(3), 460–480. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2018.24
Shelke, A. U., & Shaikh, N. (2023). Mediating role of workplace happiness in enhancing work engagement. Rajagiri Management Journal, 17(3), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-07-2022-0110
Sin So, H., & Ali, H. (2016). The linkage between stress and organizational citizenship behaviour. International Business Management, 10(14), 1–6.
Sofiah, K. K., Padmashantini, P., & Gengeswari, K. (2014). A study on organizational citizenship behavior in banking industry. International Journal for Innovation Education and Research, 2(7), 1–8. http://www.ijier.net
Spector, P. E., Bauer, J. A., & Fox, S. (2010). Measurement artifacts in the assessment of counterproductive work behavior and organizational citizenship behavior: Do we know what we think we know? Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(4), 781-790. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0019477
Tanchi, K. R., Bin Amin, M., Khatun, S., Karim, M. M., & Erdey, L. (2025). Factors influencing organizational citizenship behavior among employees: Evidence from the commercial banking industry. Banks and Bank Systems, 20(1), 1–10.
Tsachouridi, I., & Nikandrou, I. (2016). Organizational virtuousness and spontaneity: A social identity view. Personnel Review, 45(6), 1302–1322. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-09-2014-0192
Wang, H., Sui, Y., Luthans, F., Wang, D., & Wu, Y. (2014). Impact of authentic leadership on performance: Role of followers' positive psychological capital and relational processes. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 35(1), 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1850
Youssef, C. M., & Luthans, F. (2015). Psychological capital and well-being. Stress and Health: Journal of the International Society for the Investigation of Stress, 31(3), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.262
Zeng, L., Feng, F., Jin, M., Xie, W., Li, X., Li, L., Peng, Y., & Wang, J. (2023). Psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic: mediation of organizational commitment. BMC nursing, 22(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01332-7
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Hutdi Nur Cahyono, Rosita Endang Kusmaryani
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA).
