Developing A Mindfulness Module Using A Pocketbook to Improve Digital Self-Control in Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v7i1.5521Keywords:
Mindfulness, Module, Digital Self-Control, Students, InterventionAbstract
This study aims to develop a pocketbook-based mindfulness module as an intervention to improve digital self-control among university students. The research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design, utilizing the ADDIE framework (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation). The development process included needs analysis, material design, instructional preparation, and validation by media and content experts. Validation results indicated that the module was feasible and rated from good to very good in terms of content, presentation, and appearance. The implementation of the module demonstrated improvements in students’ ability to manage digital use more consciously, purposefully, and adaptively. These findings highlight that the pocketbook-based mindfulness module is a relevant, practical, and effective intervention to support students in addressing the challenges of technology use in the digital era.
References
Adzani, M. M., & Rosiana, D. (2024). Hubungan Stres Akademik dan Kecanduan Media Sosial pada Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Bandung Conference Series: Psychology Science, 4(2), 944–950. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsps.v4i2.12918
Aggarwal, D., Sharma, D., & Saxena, A. B. (2024). Developing Digital Mindfulness for a Thoughtful and Sensible Technology Usage for Sustainability. In Research Updates in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 6 (pp. 1–10). B P International. https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rumcs/v6/12466F
Agusthia, M., Wardhani, U. C., Rochmayanti, N., & Putri, T. H. (2024). Efektivitas Terapi Mindfulness Berbasis Aplikasi Breathe2Relax Terhadap Stres Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir. Malahayati Nursing Journal, 6(8), 3246–3255. https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v6i8.12608
Alvarado-García, P. A. A., Soto-Vásquez, M. R., Reyes-Sánchez, L. P., Sandoval-Bocanegra, V. A., Ullón-Ramírez, R. C., Vargas-Fernández, Y., & Inca-Reyes, K. A. (2023). An Online Mindfulness Meditation Program as a Means for Mitigating Academic Stress among University Students. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 12(6), 141. https://doi.org/10.36941/ajis-2023-0159
Al-Zoubi, M. Y. (2024). Mindfulness and Education: Effect on Focus and Academic Stress in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES, 44(02). https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2024/44.02.1326
Ambica, & Ali, A. (2023). ROLE OF MINDFULNESS IN MENTAL HEALTH AND OVERUSES OF SMARTPHONEAMONG ADULTS. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.29121/shodhkosh.v4.i2.2023.1798
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness. Assessment, 13(1), 27–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504
Bastian, E., Rezki., N. A., & Nurhamida, Y. (2024). Factors Causing Gadget Addiction in Perspective Psychology: A Comprehensive Literature Review. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, VIII(VIII), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2024.808010
Chen, B., Yang, T., Xiao, L., Xu, C., & Zhu, C. (2023). Effects of Mobile Mindfulness Meditation on the Mental Health of University Students: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 25, e39128. https://doi.org/10.2196/39128
Creswell, J. D. (2017). Mindfulness Interventions. Annual Review of Psychology, 68(1), 491–516. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-042716-051139
Delgado-Suárez, I. (2018). Mindfulness at Universities: An Increasingly Present Reality. Educational Research Applications. https://doi.org/10.29011/2575-7032/100049
Dina Hidayati Hutasuhut, & Dinda Yarshal. (2025). Influence of Mindfulness Techniques on Reducing Academic Stress and Enhancing Students’ Concentration in Learning. International Journal of Educational Development, 2(1), 21–24. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijed.v2i1.168
Edirisooriya, Y. L., Rathnayake, N. A., Ariyasena, T. D., Thelijjagoda, S. S., Jayawickrama, N. D., & Chamindi, D. I. (2019). Smartphone-based Approach to Enhance Mindfulness Among Undergraduates with Stress. 2019 14th Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS), 464–469. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICIIS47346.2019.9063251
Febrianti, I. D., Febriyanti, N., Adhania, I. R., Khasanah, U. N., Arjuni, E., Andiny, P., & Husna, A. N. (2021). The development of self-control scale in social media. In Prosiding University Research Colloquium, 98–108.
Feldman, G., Westine, M., Edelman, A., & Higgs, M. (2023). A Mindful Alternative to Screen Time: The Short-Term Effects of a Breath-Focused Mindfulness Exercise vs. Unstructured Smartphone Screen Time on Heart Rate Variability and Relaxation. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 581–607. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.6.581
Feng, X. (2024). The Effect and Mechanism of Mindfulness Training on Psychological Stress in College School Students. Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media, 38(1), 187–191. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/38/20240638
González-Martín, A. M., Aibar-Almazán, A., Rivas-Campo, Y., Castellote-Caballero, Y., & Carcelén-Fraile, M. del C. (2023). Mindfulness to improve the mental health of university students. A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Public Health, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2023.1284632
Hashemi, A., Noori, A. Q., Orfan, S. N., Akramy, S. A., & Mohd Rameli, M. R. (2024). Undergraduate students’ perception of smartphone addiction and its impact on themselves and their academic performance: a case study. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2340845
Hefner, D., & Freytag, A. (2024). Consciously Connected: The Role of Mindfulness for Mobile Phone Connectedness and Stress. Media Psychology, 27(4), 503–532. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2023.2253732
Holmgren, H. G., & Coyne, S. M. (2017). Can’t stop scrolling!: pathological use of social networking sites in emerging adulthood. Addiction Research and Theory, 25(5), 375–382. https://doi.org/10.1080/16066359.2017.1294164
Irawan, M. F., Bella, S., & Nurhijatina, H. (2024). MENGHADAPI TANTANGAN KESEHATAN MENTAL DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA: SOLUSI KOLABORATIF ANTARA PENDIDIKAN DAN LAYANAN KESEHATAN. Jurnal Cerdik: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 3(2), 106–117. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jcerdik.2024.003.02.01
Judjianto, L., Muhammadiah, M., Utami, R. N., Suhirman, L., Laka, L., Boari, Y., Lembang, S. T., Wattimena, F. Y., Astriwati, N., Laksono, R. D., & Yunus, M. (2024). Metodologi Research and Development: Teori dan Penerapan Metodologi RnD. PT. Sonpedia Publishing Indonesia.
Kabat-Zinn, J. (1994). Mindfulness meditation for everyday life.
Kim, Y., Wang, Y., & Oh, J. (2016). Digital Media Use and Social Engagement: How Social Media and Smartphone Use Influence Social Activities of College Students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(4), 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0408
Kirby, B., Dapore, A., Ash, C., Malley, K., & West, R. (2020). Smartphone Pathology, Agency and Reward Processing (pp. 321–329). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60073-0_37
Kumar, S., Vidya, N., & Raju, R. (2024). Examining the Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Interventions (MBIs) on Enhancing Emotional Regulation Skills (ERS) and Psychological Well-being: A Critical Review. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i01.11761
Lee, J. Y., & Nuruddin Hidayat, D. (2019). Digital technology for Indonesia’s young people. MedienPädagogik: Zeitschrift Für Theorie Und Praxis Der Medienbildung, 35, 20–35. https://doi.org/10.21240/mpaed/35/2019.10.17.X
Liu, C. (2023). The unique role of smartphone addiction and related factors among university students: a model based on cross-sectional and cross-lagged network analyses. BMC Psychiatry, 23(1), 883. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05384-6
Mantzios, M., & Giannou, K. (2019). A Real-World Application of Short Mindfulness-Based Practices: A Review and Reflection of the Literature and a Practical Proposition for an Effortless Mindful Lifestyle. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 13(6), 520–525. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827618772036
Meier, A., Beyens, I., Siebers, T., Pouwels, J. L., & Valkenburg, P. M. (2023). Habitual social media and smartphone use are linked to task delay for some, but not all, adolescents. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 28(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/jcmc/zmad008
Mohd Amin, N. A. F., Tuan Ismail, T. N. N., Ponnuraj, K. T., & Shahidan, W. N. S. (2024). Psychosocial Impact of Smartphone Addiction among University Student: A Review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 20(1), 343–358. https://doi.org/10.47836/mjmhs.20.1.42
Mou, Q., Zhuang, J., Wu, Q., Zhong, Y., Dai, Q., Cao, X., Gao, Y., Lu, Q., & Zhao, M. (2024). Social media addiction and academic engagement as serial mediators between social anxiety and academic performance among college students. BMC Psychology, 12(1), 190. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-024-01635-7
Pan, Y., Li, F., Liang, H., Shen, X., Bing, Z., Cheng, L., & Dong, Y. (2024). Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on Mental Health and Psychological Quality of Life among University Students: A GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2024, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/8872685
Peixoto, L. S. A., Gondim, S. M. G., & Pereira, C. R. (2021). Emotion Regulation, Stress, and Well-Being in Academic Education: Analyzing the Effect of Mindfulness-Based Intervention. Trends in Psychology, 30(1), 33–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43076-021-00092-0
Persson, P. B., & Persson, A. B. (2023). Did you know? Dopamine, pop culture and beyond. Acta Physiologica, 238(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/apha.13971
Restrepo, J. E., Bedoya Cardona, E. Y., Cuartas Montoya, G. P., Cassaretto Bardales, M. de los M., & Vilela Alemán, Y. P. (2023). Academic stress and adaptation to university life: mediation of cognitive-emotional regulation and social support. Anales de Psicología, 39(1), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.472201
Reyaz, S., Tiwari, A., Agarwal, T., Srivastava, H. K., Kumari, J., & Sharma, Y. (2024). Impact of Social Media and Anxiety among College Students. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2024.v06i06.31894
Sailo, H., & Varghese, D. (2024). Academic Stress, Its Sources, Effects and Coping Mechanisms Among College Students. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 9(3), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.52403/ijshr.20240316
Syafira, V., & Paramastri, I. (2018). Efektivitas Pelatihan Mindfulness untuk Menurunkan Ego Depletion pada Mahasiswa Baru. Gadjah Mada Journal of Professional Psychology (GamaJPP), 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/gamajpp.45344
Tangney, J. P., Baumeister, R. F., & Boone, A. L. (2004). High Self?Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success. Journal of Personality, 72(2), 271–324. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3506.2004.00263.x
Throuvala, M. A., Griffiths, M. D., Rennoldson, M., & Kuss, D. J. (2020). Mind over Matter: Testing the Efficacy of an Online Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Distraction from Smartphone Use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(13), 4842. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134842
Umar, R., Nazir, M., Mazhar, A., Hayat, U., Khan, Z. K., & Iqbal, A. (2023). Academic Procrastination as a Predictor of Depression, Anxiety and Stress Among College Students. Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), 12(3), 807–810. https://doi.org/10.61506/01.00130
Varadaraja, D., Jayadatta, S., & Shivappa. (2024). Investigating the Effects of Mindfulness-Based Interventions on Stress Reduction in College Students: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 5(3), 6767–6776. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0324.0879
Wacks, Y., & Weinstein, A. M. (2021). Excessive Smartphone Use Is Associated With Health Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669042
Wang, W., Mehmood, A., Li, P., Yang, Z., Niu, J., Chu, H., Qiao, Z., Qiu, X., Zhou, J., Yang, Y., & Yang, X. (2021). Perceived Stress and Smartphone Addiction in Medical College Students: The Mediating Role of Negative Emotions and the Moderating Role of Psychological Capital. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.660234
Zhang, J., & Wang, E. (2022). Indulging in Smartphones in Times of Stress: A Moderated Mediation Model of Experiential Avoidance and Trait Mindfulness. Behavioral Sciences, 12(12), 485. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12120485
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Firdaus Khoirunnisa, Nur Eva, Khansa Salsabila Muntaz
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science (DIJEMSS) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science (DIJEMSS).
