Work-Family Conflict And Job Performance With Work Engagement As A Mediator (Study On Working Mothers)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v6i2.3554Keywords:
work family conflict, working mother, job performance, work engagementAbstract
This study aims to examine the mediating role of work engagement in the relationship between work family conflict and job performance. Work engagement is a positive work-related state of mind characterized by vigor, dedication and absorption. Work family conflict is a form of conflict between roles as professionals and roles in the family. Job performance is a description of tasks / work or work behavior as an employee in a company company. Participants in the study totaled 360 with the characteristics of women who are married (mothers), with school-age children, and work in a company. The measuring instrument used to measure work engagement is the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale 9 (Schaufeli et al, 2006). The measuring instrument used to measure work family conflict is the WFC & FWC Scale (Netemeyer et al., 1996). The measuring instrument used to measure job performance is the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ; Koopmans et al., 2014). Based on data analysis using the Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) method, work engagement can mediate the relationship between work family conflict with task performance and contextual performance. The implication of the results of this study is that it can explain the relationship between work family conflict and job performance mediated by work engagement. In addition, the results of this study can be the basis for policy making to create a supportive environment for women to work optimally in the world of work.
References
Agustina, S., Dwi, F. I. R., & Budiarto, Y. (2020). Chapter 2 The mediating role of meaning of work on the relationship between calling of work and work engagement in young adult employees. Work Engagement in the Context of Industrial/Organizational Psychology. https://books.google.co.id/books?hl=en&lr=&id=WiQNEAAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA31&ots=_ NKSVDenU_&sig=0mMhpBpEMOaAoHwq1ozvlfcgTWo&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false
Ahmad, A. (2008). Direct and indirect effects of work-family conflict on job performance. The Journal of international management studies, 3(2), 176-180. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260294197
Akbary, M. F., & Rustono, A. (2015). The Effect of Employee Engagement on Employee Performance of Telkom Pension Fund (DAPEN) Bandung. eProceedings of Management, 2(2). https://openlibrarypublications.telkomuniversity.ac.id/index.php/management/article/view/332/30 9
Amalia, N. (2013). The influence of work-family conflict and job characteristics on employee engagement (Doctoral dissertation, Gadjah Mada University). https://etd.repository.ugm.ac.id/home/detail_pencarian/58260
Amstad, F. T., Meier, L. L., Fasel, U., Elfering, A., & Semmer, N. K. (2011). A meta-analysis of work-family conflict and various outcomes with a special emphasis on cross-domain versus matching-domain relations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 16(2), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0022170
Anitha, J. (2014). Determinants of employee engagement and their impact on employee performance. International journal of productivity and performance management, 63(3), 308-323.Armstrong, G., Adam, S., Denize, S., & Kotler, P. (2014). Principles of marketing. Pearson Australia. https://thuvienso.hoasen.edu.vn/bitstream/handle/123456789/11257/Contents.pdf?sequence=1
Aryee, S. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict among married professional women: Evidence from Singapore. Human relations, 45(8), 813-837. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679204500804
Aryee, S., Srinivas, E. S., & Tan, H. H. (2005). Rhythms of Life: Antecedents and Outcomes of Work- Family Balance in Employed Parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90(1), 132-146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.132
Aulia, D. (2023, September 25). Is it only women who need to take care of housework? Fimela.com. https://www.fimela.com/lifestyle/read/5398771/apakah-hanya-perempuan-yang-perlu-mengurus-pekerjaan-rumah?page=2
Beham, B. (2011). Work-family conflict and organizational citizenship behavior: empirical evidence from Spanish employees. Community, Work & Family, 14(1), 63-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668803.2010.506034
Better, R. L., Suyasa, P. T. Y. S., & Tumanggor, R. O. (2020). Time pressure as a predictor of work engagement: the role of psychological empowerment. In The IRES-785th International Conference Proceedings (pp. 6-11). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355422795_Time_Pressure_as_a_Predictor_of_Work_ Engagement_The_Role_of_Psychological_Empowerment
Bhuian, S. N., Menguc, B., & Borsboom, R. (2005). Stressors and job outcomes in sales: A triphasic model versus a linear-quadratic-interactive model. Journal of Business Research, 58(2), 141-150. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(03)00132-2 Laporan Tesis Program Studi Magister Psikologi Semester Genap 2023/2024 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Tarumanagara
Borman, W. C., & Motowidlo, S. J. (1997). Task performance and contextual performance: The meaning for personnel selection research. Human Performance, 10(2), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327043hup1002_3
BPS. (2023). DKI Jakarta Province in Figures. BPS DKI Jakarta Province ISSN: 0215-2150. https://jakarta.bps.go.id/publication/2022/02/25/5979600247867d861a1f334c/provinsi-dki-jakarta-dalam-angka-2022.html
Brilianti, D., Zamralita, & Budiarto, Y. (2023). The Relationship Between Digital Stress and Performance in Employees. Phronesis: Scientific Journal of Applied Psychology, 12(2), 149-161. Retrieved from https://journal.untar.ac.id/index.php/phronesis/article/view/23715
Butler, A. B., & Skattebo, A. (2004). What is acceptable for women may not be for men: The effect of family conflicts with work on job-performance ratings. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 77(4), 553-564. https://doi.org/10.1348/0963179042596478
Çank?r, B. ?. L. A. L., & ?ahin, S. A. F. ?. Y. E. (2018). Psychological well-being and job performance: the mediating role of work engagement. Hitit Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(3).
Çank?r, B., & Semiz, D. S. (2018). Çal??an Performans? ve Mali Performans: Positive Ses Ç?karma, Psycholojik ?yi-Olu? veÇal??maya Tutkunluk ile ?li?kileri ve Otel ??letmeleri Örne?i. ?stanbul Geli?im Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 5(2), 54-67.
Chan, X. W., Kalliath, T., Brough, P., O'Driscoll, M., Siu, O. L., & Timms, C. (2017). Self-efficacy and work engagement: a test of a chain model. International Journal of Manpower, 38(6), 819-834. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-11-2015-0189
Chandra, A., & Susanti, D. J. (2020). Work Family Conflict and Work Engagement on Woman Employees at PT Sumatera Berlian Motors. https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2019/94386/94386.pdf
Christian, M. S., Garza, A. S., & Slaughter, J. E. (2011). Work engagement: A quantitative review and test of its relations with task and contextual performance. Personnel Psychology, 64(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2010.01203
Dan, C. I., Ro?ca, A. C., & Mateizer, A. (2020). Job crafting and performance in firefighters: The role of work meaning and work engagement. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 894. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00894
Edwards, J. R., & Rothbard, N. P. (2000). Mechanisms linking work and family: Clarifying the relationship between work and family constructs. Academy of management review, 25(1), 178-199. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2000.2791609
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1997). Relation of work-family conflict to health outcomes: A four-year longitudinal study of employed parents. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70(4), 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1997.tb00652.x
Goodman, S. A., & Svyantek, D. J. (1999). Person-organization fit and contextual performance: Do shared values matter. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 55(2), 254-275. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1998.1682
Goudarzi, H. T. (2017). Investigating the Effect of Work-Family Conflict and Work-Family Support on Job Satisfaction and Job Performance of National Iranian Drilling Company Employees. Human Resource Management in Oil Industry. 9(33), 111-132. https://iieshrm.ir/article-1-213-en.html
Greenhaus, J. H., & Beutell, N. J. (1985). Sources and conflict between work and family roles. The Academy of Management Review, 10(1), 76-88. https://doi.org/10.2307/258214 Laporan Tesis Program Studi Magister Psikologi Semester Genap 2023/2024 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Tarumanagara
Haslam, D., Filus, A., Morawska, A., Sanders, M. R., & Fletcher, R. (2015). The Work-Family Conflict Scale (WAFCS): Development and initial validation of a self-report measure of work-family conflict for use with parents. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46, 346-357. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0476-0
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.4.343
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological conditions of personal engagement and disengagement at work. Academy of management journal, 33(4), 692-724. https://doi.org/10.5465/256287
Karatepe, O. M. (2015). The effects of family support and work engagement on organizationally valued job outcomes. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 63(4), 447-464. https://hrcak.srce.hr/149998
Karatepe, O. M., & Karadas, G. (2016). Service employees' fit, work-family conflict, and work engagement. Journal of Services Marketing, 30(5), 554-566. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-02- 2015-0066
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Van Buuren, S., Van Der Beek, A. J., & De, H. C. (2014). Improving the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire using Rasch analysis. Journal of Applied Measurement, 15(2). http://www.jampress.org/abst.htmhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24950534
Li, A., Bagger, J., & Cropanzano, R. (2017). The impact of stereotypes and supervisor perceptions of employee work-family conflict on job performance ratings. Human Relations, 70(1), 119-145. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726716645660
Li, C., Lu, J., & Zhang, Y. (2013). Cross-domain effects of work-family conflict on organizational commitment and performance. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 41(10), 1641-1654. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.10.1641
Lu, L., Lu, A. C. C., Gursoy, D., & Neale, N. R. (2016). Work engagement, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions: A comparison between supervisors and line-level employees. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 28(4), 737-761. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-07-2014- 0360
Maurer, R. (2020, December 16). Remote employees are working longer than ever. SHRM. https://www.shrm.org/topics-tools/news/remote-employees-working-longer
Mercado, B. K., & Dilchert, S. (2017). Family interference with work and its relationship with organizational citizenship and counterproductive work behaviors. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 25(4), 406-415. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12195
Minarika, A., Purwanti, R., & Muhidin, A. (2020). The effect of work family conflict and work life balance on employee performance (a study at PT. Pacific Eastern Coconut Utama Pangandaran). Business Management and Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(1), 1-11. https://jurnal.unigal.ac.id/index.php/bmej/article/viewFile/2384/3135
Moerdijat, L.S.S. (2023). Women's Participation in the World of Work Should Continue to be Increased. https://www.mpr.go.id/berita/Partisipasi-Perempuan-dalam-Dunia-Kerja-Harus-Terus- Ditingkatkan#:~:text=Data%20Badan%20Pusat%20Statistik%20(BPS,workers%20who%20exist %20in%20Indonesia.
Muse, L. A., & Pichler, S. (2011). A comparison of types of support for lower-skilled workers: Evidence for the importance of family supportive supervisors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 79(3), 653- 666. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2011.04.005 Laporan Tesis Program Studi Magister Psikologi Semester Genap 2023/2024 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Tarumanagara
Netemeyer, R. G., Boles, J. S., & McMurrian, R. (1996). Development and validation of work-family conflict and family-work conflict scales. Journal of applied psychology, 81(4), 400. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.400
Opie, T.J. & Henn C. (2013). Work-family conflict and work engagement among mothers: Conscientiousness and neuroticism as moderators. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology, 39(1), 1- 12. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajip.v39i1.1082
Ribeiro, N., Gomes, D., Oliveira, A. R., & Dias Semedo, A. S. (2023). The impact of the work-family conflict on employee engagement, performance, and turnover intention. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(2), 533-549. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoa-02-2021-2646
Rothbard, N. P. (2001). Enriching or depleting? The dynamics of engagement in work and family roles. Administrative science quarterly, 46(4), 655-684. https://doi.org/10.2307/3094827
?ahin, S., & Yozgat, U. (2021). Work-family conflict and job performance: Mediating role of work engagement in healthcare employees. Journal of Management & Organization, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.13
Saks, A.M. (2006), "Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement", Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 21 No. 7, pp. 600-619. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940610690169
Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies: An Interdisciplinary Forum on Subjective Well-Being, 3(1), 71-92. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015630930326
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Van Rhenen, W. (2009). How changes in job demands and resources predict burnout, work engagement, and sickness absenteeism. Journal of Organizational Behavior: The International Journal of Industrial, Occupational and Organizational Psychology and Behavior, 30(7), 893-917.
Shieh, G. (2010). On the misconception of multicollinearity in detection of moderating effects: Multicollinearity is not always detrimental. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 45(3), 483-507. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2010.483393
Soomro, A. A., Breitenecker, R. J., & Shah, S. A. M. (2018). Relation of work-life balance, work-family conflict, and family-work conflict with the employee performance-moderating role of job satisfaction. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 7(1), 129-146. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAJBS-02-2017-0018
Sugiyono. (2014). Educational Research Methods Quantitative, Qualitative, and R&D Approaches. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Taheri Goudarzi, H. (2017). Investigating the effect of work-family conflict and work-family support on job satisfaction and job performance of National Iranian Drilling Company employees. Strategic Studies in Petroleum and energy Industry, 9(33), 111-132. https://iieshrm.ir/browse.php?a_id=213&slc_lang=en&sid=1&printcase=1&hbnr=1&hmb=1
Tahir, M., Arul, P., Tummala, M., Hassan, F. D. K., & Shagoo, M. R. (2022). The effects of organizational justice on employee counter work behavior mediated by employee engagement; a case of manufacturing sector employees. International Journal of Applied Research in Social Sciences, 4(10), 385-398. https://doi.org/10.51594/ijarss.v4i10.425
Van Scotter, J., Motowidlo, S. J., & Cross, T. C. (2000). Effects of task performance and contextual performance on systemic rewards. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 526-535. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.526
Wanberg, C. R., Csillag, B., & Duffy, M. K. (2023). After the break-up: How divorcing affects individuals at work. Personnel Psychology, 76(1), 77-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12547 Laporan Tesis Program Studi Magister Psikologi Semester Genap 2023/2024 Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Tarumanagara
Warokka, A., & Febrilia, I. (2015). Work-family conflict and job performance: Lessons from a Southeast Asian emerging market. Journal of Southeast Asian Research, 2015(2015), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5171/2015.420802
Witt, L. A., & Carlson, D. S. (2006). The work-family interface and job performance: Moderating effects of conscientiousness and perceived organizational support. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 11(4), 343-357.
https://doi.org/10.1037/1076-8998.11.4.343
Yao, J., Qiu, X., Yang, L., Han, X., & Li, Y. (2022). The relationship between work engagement and job performance: psychological capital as a moderating factor. Frontiers in psychology, 13, 729131. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.729131 Al-Seheel, A. Y., & Noor, N. M. (2016). Effects of an Islamic-based gratitude strategy on Muslim students’ level of happiness. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 19(7), 686–703. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2016.1229287
Ng, C. A., Lasala, A. C. F., De Vera, J. F. S., & Caringal-Go, J. F. (2024). Coping behaviors of Filipino students during the COVID-19 pandemic: A contextual application of the PERMA-H framework. The Journal of Behavioral Science, 19(1), 1–17. https://so06.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/IJBS/article/view/266642
Futamura, I. (2018). Is extraordinary prosocial behavior more valuable than ordinary prosocial behavior? PLoS ONE 13(4), e0196340. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196340
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Sandra Haryanto Gunawan, Yohanes Budiarto, P. Tommy Y. S. Suyasa
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science (DIJEMSS) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science (DIJEMSS).
