Improving Individual and Team Performance Through the Concept of Servant Leadership in the Work Environment: Literature Review

Authors

  • Suretno Samuel Sianturi Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
  • Yunia Wardi Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia
  • Ilham Thaib Universitas Negeri Padang, Padang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v5i5.2856

Keywords:

Servant Leadership, Team Performance, Work Environment and Work Engagement

Abstract

This research aims to theoretically understand the concept of service leadership and explore its impact on individual and team performance in the workplace. The method used in this research is a systematic literature review. The SLR approach applied in this research is as follows: the first stage is to collect literature, then analyze it, and finally conduct a content analysis where the SLR findings are discussed and conclusions are drawn. The findings explain that servant leadership is closely related to leadership ethics, perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, creativity, work engagement, and intrapreneurial ability. Leaders who practice servant leadership tend to create work environments that are inclusive and values-based and encourage individuals' personal and professional growth. Servant leadership can be considered a powerful and relevant approach to building an ethical, innovative, and high-performing organizational culture.

References

Aboramadan, M. (2021). Servant leadership and followers’ creativity: does climate for creativity matter? Evidence-Based HRM, 9(1), 78–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBHRM-01-2020-0012

Aboramadan, M., Crawford, J., Türkmeno?lu, M. A., & Farao, C. (2022). Green inclusive leadership and employee green behaviors in the hotel industry: Does perceived green organizational support matter? International Journal of Hospitality Management, 107(July), 103330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103330

Aboramadan, M., Dahleez, K., & Hamad, M. H. (2020). Servant leadership and academics outcomes in higher education: the role of job satisfaction. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(3), 562–584. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-11-2019-1923

Alyahya, M., Aliedan, M., Agag, G., & Abdelmoety, Z. H. (2023). The Antecedents of Hotels’ Green Creativity: The Role of Green HRM, Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership, and Psychological Green Climate. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032629

Aryee, S., Hsiung, H. H., Jo, H., Chuang, C. H., & Chiao, Y. C. (2023). Servant leadership and customer service performance: testing social learning and social exchange-informed motivational pathways. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 32(4), 506–519. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2023.2178905

Bakker, A. B., Hetland, J., Kjellevold Olsen, O., & Espevik, R. (2023). Daily transformational leadership: A source of inspiration for follower performance? European Management Journal, 41(5), 700–708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.04.004

Bhatti, O. K., Irfan, M., Öztürk, A. O., & Maham, R. (2022). Organizational inclusion through interaction of work meaningfulness and servant leadership: An artificial neural network approach. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2059828

Burström, T., Lahti, T., Parida, V., Wartiovaara, M., & Wincent, J. (2023). A definition, review, and extension of global ecosystems theory: Trends, architecture and orchestration of global VCs and mechanisms behind unicorns. Journal of Business Research, 157(January). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113605

Cai, Z., Mao, Y., Gong, T., Xin, Y., & Lou, J. (2023). The Effect of Servant Leadership on Work Resilience: Evidence from the Hospitality Industry during the COVID-19 Period. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021322

Cayrat, C., & Boxall, P. (2023). The roles of the HR function: A systematic review of tensions, continuity and change. Human Resource Management Review, 33(4), 100984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100984

Dalain, A. F. (2023). Nurturing Employee Engagement at Workplace and Organizational Innovation in Time of Crisis With Moderating Effect of Servant Leadership. SAGE Open, 13(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231175150

Davoine, E., & Schmid, S. (2022). Career patterns of top managers in Europe: Signs of further globalisation? European Management Journal, 40(4), 467–474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.05.007

de Andres, P., Garcia-Rodriguez, I., Romero-Merino, M. E., & Santamaria-Mariscal, M. (2022). Stakeholder governance and private benefits: The case of politicians in Spanish cajas. Journal of Business Research, 144(January), 1272–1292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.096

De Nicola, M., Arrigo, E., & Anees, U. (2024). The strategic effect of corporate reputation on customer citizenship behavior: an empirical verification. Review of Managerial Science, 18(1), 181–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00618-z

Doornenbal, B. M., Spisak, B. R., & van der Laken, P. A. (2022). Opening the black box: Uncovering the leader trait paradigm through machine learning. Leadership Quarterly, 33(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2021.101515

Eman, G., Hernández, A., & Romá, V. G. (2023). Charismatic leadership, intra-team communication quality, and team performance: The role of average leadership perceptions and their homogeneity. European Management Journal, (January 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2023.04.011

Fischer, T. (2023). Measuring behaviors counterfactually. Leadership Quarterly, 34(6), 101750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101750

Güntner, A. V., Meinecke, A. L., & Lüders, Z. E. K. (2023). Interaction coding in leadership research: A critical review and best-practice recommendations to measure behavior. Leadership Quarterly, 34(6), 101751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101751

Habicher, D., Erschbamer, G., Pechlaner, H., Ghirardello, L., & Walder, M. (2021). Transformation and Design Thinking: perspectives on sustainable change, company resilience and democratic leadership in SMEs. Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 3(2), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1365/s42681-022-00028-x

Hanaysha, J. R., Kumar, V. V. A., In’airat, M., & Paramaiah, C. (2022). Direct and indirect effects of servant and ethical leadership styles on employee creativity: mediating role of organizational citizenship behavior. Arab Gulf Journal of Scientific Research, 40(1), 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/AGJSR-04-2022-0033

Hardawiryana, R. (1993). Churches in Asia: Theologizing in pastoral perspective on economic development. Colloque, 1(4), 1–11.

Hoang, G., Yang, M., & Luu, T. T. (2023). Ethical leadership in tourism and hospitality management: A systematic literature review and research agenda. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 114(July), 103563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103563

Jin, J., & Ikeda, H. (2024). The Role of Empathic Communication in the Relationship between Servant Leadership and Workplace Loneliness: A Serial Mediation Model. Behavioral Sciences, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14010004

Khatri, P., Dutta, S., Kumari, P., Duggal, H. K., Thomas, A., Cristillo, I., & Nobis, S. (2023). Modeling intellectual capital-based intrapreneurial ability of working professionals through servant leadership and self-efficacy. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 24(6), 1485–1505. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-10-2022-0208

Khattak, S. I., Khan, M. A., Ali, M. I., Khan, H. G. A., & Saeed, I. (2023). Relationship Between Servant Leadership, Leader-Member-Exchange, Organization Learning and Innovative Work Behavior: Evidence From High-Tech Firms. SAGE Open, 13(4), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231212267

Krumrei-Mancuso, E. J., & Rowatt, W. C. (2023). Humility in novice leaders: links to servant leadership and followers’ satisfaction with leadership. Journal of Positive Psychology, 18(1), 154–166. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760.2021.1952647

Lemoine, G. J., Hartnell, C. A., Hora, S., & Watts, D. I. (2023). Moral minds: How and when does servant leadership influence employees to benefit multiple stakeholders? Personnel Psychology, (July 2022), 1–31. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12605

Liu, C., Mi, X., & Gao, Y. (2023). How Servant Leadership Influence Employee Service Quality of Fitness Centers During COVID-19: The Interacting Effects of Self-Efficacy. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 16, 801–815. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S395377

Ludwikowska, K. (2023). Employee-oriented human resource policy as a factor shaping the influence of servant leadership on job performance. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, 72(8), 2335–2348. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-09-2021-0525

McMackin, J., & Heffernan, M. (2021). Agile for HR: Fine in practice, but will it work in theory? Human Resource Management Review, 31(4), 100791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100791

Mostafa, A. M. S. (2022). Customer Incivility, Work Engagement and Service-Oriented Citizenship Behaviours: Does Servant Leadership Make a Difference? Human Performance, 35(1), 31–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2021.1998061

Mughal, M. F., Cai, S. L., Faraz, N. A., & Ahmed, F. (2022). Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership and Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behavior: Mediating Role of Green Self Efficacy. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 305–316. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S328776

Obi, I. M. O., Bollen, K., Aaldering, H., Robijn, W., & Euwema, M. C. (2020). Servant Leadership, Third-Party Behavior, and Emotional Exhaustion of Followers. Negotiation and Conflict Management Research, 0(0), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1111/ncmr.12184

Opland, L. E., Pappas, I. O., Engesmo, J., & Jaccheri, L. (2022). Employee-driven digital innovation: A systematic review and a research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 143(January), 255–271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.038

Ortiz-Gómez, M., Molina-Sánchez, H., Ariza-Montes, A., & de los Ríos-Berjillos, A. (2022). Servant Leadership and Authentic Leadership as Job Resources for Achieving Workers’ Subjective Well-Being Among Organizations Based on Values. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 15, 2621–2638. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S371300

Ravet-Brown, T. É., Furtner, M., & Kallmuenzer, A. (2024). Transformational and entrepreneurial leadership: A review of distinction and overlap. Review of Managerial Science, 18(2), 493–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-023-00649-6

Rescalvo-Martin, E., Castillo, A., Moreno-Marcial, A. P., Albacete-Saez, C. A., & Llorens-Montes, F. J. (2022). Effects of empowering leadership under boundary conditions in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 105(May), 103269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2022.103269

Saleem, F., Zhang, Y. Z., Gopinath, C., & Adeel, A. (2020). Impact of Servant Leadership on Performance: The Mediating Role of Affective and Cognitive Trust. SAGE Open, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019900562

Shetty, P. K., Rao, P. K., & Kamath, R. C. (2022). Impact of servant leadership on perceived organizational support of employees in manufacturing industries and educational institution. Cogent Business and Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2143074

Singh, A., Lim, W. M., Jha, S., Kumar, S., & Ciasullo, M. V. (2023). The state of the art of strategic leadership. Journal of Business Research, 158(January), 113676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113676

Song, Y., Tian, Q. tao, & Kwan, H. K. (2022). Servant leadership and employee voice: a moderated mediation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 37(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-02-2020-0077

Su, W., Lyu, B., Chen, H., & Zhang, Y. (2020). How does servant leadership influence employees’ service innovative behavior? The roles of intrinsic motivation and identification with the leader. Baltic Journal of Management, 15(4), 571–586. https://doi.org/10.1108/BJM-09-2019-0335

Swart, C., Pottas, L., Mare, D., & Graham, M. A. (2022). Roll Up Your Sleeves: Servant Leadership as a Paradigm for the Challenging South African School Context? SAGE Open, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221096653

Urrila, L. I. (2022). From personal wellbeing to relationships: A systematic review on the impact of mindfulness interventions and practices on leaders. Human Resource Management Review, 32(3), 100837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2021.100837

van Dierendonck, D., Xiu, L., & Lv, F. (2023). Servant leadership measurement: a comparison of five instruments in China. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 44(3), 305–316. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-03-2022-0153

Veli Korkmaz, A., van Engen, M. L., Knappert, L., & Schalk, R. (2022). About and beyond leading uniqueness and belongingness: A systematic review of inclusive leadership research. Human Resource Management Review, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2022.100894

Yan, G., Meng, L., Li, B., & Li, J. (2023). How Can Managers Promote Employee Sustainability? A Study on the Impact of Servant Leadership on Emotional Labor. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411162

Yang, L., Shao, X., & Jiang, Y. (2023). Fostering Employees’ Voluntary Green Behavior: The Role of Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership, Positive Affectivity, and Workplace Anxiety. Sustainability, 15(20), 14883. Retrieved from https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/20/14883

Yang, M., Luu, T. T., & Hoang, G. (2023). Can ethical climate and ethical self-efficacy channel ethical leadership into service performance? A multilevel investigation. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 114(April), 103548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103548

Yela Aránega, A., Gonzalo Montesinos, C., & del Val Núñez, M. T. (2023). Towards an entrepreneurial leadership based on kindness in a digital age. Journal of Business Research, 159(December 2022). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113747

Yuan, B., & Li, J. (2023). Understanding the Impact of Environmentally Specific Servant Leadership on Employees’ Pro-Environmental Behaviors in the Workplace: Based on the Proactive Motivation Model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010567

Zeeshan, S., Ng, S. I., Ho, J. A., & Jantan, A. H. (2021). Assessing the impact of servant leadership on employee engagement through the mediating role of self-efficacy in the Pakistani banking sector. Cogent Business and Management, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2021.1963029

Zhu, D., Lin, M. T., Thawornlamlert, P. K., Subedi, S. (Bichitra), & Kim, P. B. (2023). The antecedents of employees’ innovative behavior in hospitality and tourism contexts: A meta-regression approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 111(August 2022), 103474. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103474

Published

2024-06-30

How to Cite

Suretno Samuel Sianturi, Yunia Wardi, & Ilham Thaib. (2024). Improving Individual and Team Performance Through the Concept of Servant Leadership in the Work Environment: Literature Review. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management And Social Science, 5(5), 1220–1237. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v5i5.2856