Production Efficiency Strategy Strategy in Orca Powergear: A Kepner Tregoe Decision Making Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v7i3.6974Keywords:
production efficiency, workforce motivation, Herzberg Two-Factor Theory, Kepner-Tregoe Framework, Analytical Hierarchy ProcessAbstract
Orca Powergear, a motorcycle apparel manufacturer in Bandung, Indonesia, faces a persistent production efficiency problem where customer orders across four product lines consistently exceed available monthly production capacity. This study investigates the root cause and identifies the most appropriate strategy to resolve it. Three analytical frameworks are applied sequentially. Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, administered through a 14-question Likert scale questionnaire to all 27 sewing team members, validates the presence of a workforce motivation problem. The Kepner-Tregoe Framework traces the root cause through a Focus Group Discussion and the Five-Whys technique. The Analytic Hierarchy Process evaluates three strategic alternatives against four decision criteria using pairwise comparison judgments from four subject matter experts. Results reveal active dissatisfaction with the fixed monthly salary system, with salary fairness and payroll policy clarity scoring means of 1.74 and 2.11 in the Disagree range. The root cause is identified as the absence of a human resource system linking worker effort to financial reward. The Analytic Hierarchy Process identifies the pay-per-item-sewed payroll system as the leading strategy with a Normals score of 70.46%. The study concludes that this payroll transition is the most appropriate and feasible strategy for closing the production efficiency gap at Orca Powergear.
References
Aczél, J., & Saaty, T. L. (1983). Procedures for synthesizing ratio judgements. Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 27(1), 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-2496(83)90028-7
Armstrong, M. (2020). Armstrong's handbook of reward management practice (6th ed.). Kogan Page.
Boxall, P., & Purcell, J. (2016). Strategy and human resource management (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan.
Dartey-Baah, K., & Amoako, G. K. (2011). Application of Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory in assessing and understanding employee motivation at work: A Ghanaian perspective. European Journal of Business and Management, 3(9), 195–201.
Fattoruso, G. (2022). Multi-criteria decision making in production fields: A structured content analysis and implications for practice. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 15(10), 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm15100431
Forman, E. H., & Peniwati, K. (1998). Aggregating individual judgments and priorities with the analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 108(1), 165–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(97)00244-0
Fortune Business Insights. (2025). Sports apparel market size, share & industry analysis – Global forecast to 2030. https://www.fortunebusinessinsights.com/sports-apparel-market-102446.html
Herzberg, F. (1968). One more time: How do you motivate employees? Harvard Business Review, 46(1), 53–62.
Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. Wiley.
Inabike Indonesia. (2023). Market information. https://inabike.net/market-information/
Ishizaka, A., & Labib, A. (2011). Review of the main developments in the analytic hierarchy process. Expert Systems with Applications, 38(11), 14336–14345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2011.04.143
Jamwal, A., Agrawal, R., Sharma, M., & Kumar, V. (2021). Review on multi-criteria decision analysis in sustainable manufacturing decision making. International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 14(3), 202–225. https://doi.org/10.1080/19397038.2020.1866708
Jung, E. H., & Laamanen, A. R. (2022). Optimizing production planning efficiency and sustainability using multi-objective decision making and goal programming. International Journal of Enterprise Modelling, 16(3), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.35335/emod.v16i3.65
Kepner, C. H., & Tregoe, B. B. (1965). The rational manager: A systematic approach to problem solving and decision making. McGraw-Hill.
Kepner, C. H., & Tregoe, B. B. (1981). The new rational manager. Princeton Research Press.
Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Lazear, E. P. (2000). Performance pay and productivity. American Economic Review, 90(5), 1346–1361. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.90.5.1346
Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes. Archives of Psychology, 22(140), 1–55.
Linstone, H. A., & Turoff, M. (Eds.). (1975). The Delphi method: Techniques and applications. Addison-Wesley.
Locke, E. A. (1968). Toward a theory of task motivation and incentives. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3(2), 157–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(68)90004-4
Obaidat, S., & Mumani, A. (2025). A multiple objective decision analysis model for capacity expansion plans selection in manufacturing. Journal of Engineering Research, 13(2), 480–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jer.2024.02.013
Ohno, T. (1988). Toyota production system: Beyond large-scale production. Productivity Press.
Orca Powergear. (2025). Official website. https://www.orcapowergear.com
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
Saaty, T. L. (1980). The analytic hierarchy process: Planning, priority setting, resource allocation. McGraw-Hill.
Saaty, T. L. (1990). How to make a decision: The analytic hierarchy process. European Journal of Operational Research, 48(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-2217(90)90057-I
Saaty, T. L. (2003). Decision-making with the AHP: Why is the principal eigenvector necessary. European Journal of Operational Research, 145(1), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-2217(01)00227-1
Saaty, T. L. (2008). Decision making with the analytic hierarchy process. International Journal of Services Sciences, 1(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSSCI.2008.017590
Saaty, T. L., & Vargas, L. G. (2012). Models, methods, concepts & applications of the analytic hierarchy process (2nd ed.). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3597-6
Serrat, O. (2017). The five whys technique. In O. Serrat (Ed.), Knowledge solutions: Tools, methods, and approaches to drive organizational performance (pp. 307–310). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0983-9_32
Shearer, B. (2004). Piece rates, fixed wages and incentives: Evidence from a field experiment. The Review of Economic Studies, 71(2), 513–534. https://doi.org/10.1111/0034-6527.00294
Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99–118. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884852
Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A., & Johnston, R. (2022). Operations management (9th ed.). Pearson Education.
Stewart, D. W., & Shamdasani, P. N. (2014). Focus groups: Theory and practice (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan R&D (2nd ed.). Alfabeta.
Wind, Y., & Saaty, T. L. (1980). Marketing applications of the analytic hierarchy process. Management Science, 26(7), 641–658. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.26.7.641
Zion Market Research. (2025). Motorcycle apparel market size, share, trends, growth and forecast. https://www.zionmarketresearch.com/report/motorcycle-apparel-market
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhammad Faris Ghiyats Bungaran, Valid Hasyimi

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting (DIJEFA).












































