Evaluation of the Implementation of Safety Standards in the Debarkation and Embarkation Process of Seatoll Vessel R-72 at Anchorage
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.38035/dijemss.v7i1.5606Keywords:
Maritime Safety, Debarkation, Embarkation, Sea Toll Vessel, Risk MatrixAbstract
This study aims to evaluate the implementation of safety standards in the debarkation and embarkation process of the R-72 seatoll vessel at anchorage in Sofyanin Village. The research employed a qualitative case study design, utilizing field observations, interviews, questionnaires, and literature review. The findings indicate that passenger safety is influenced by three main dimensions: structural–policy, operational, and cultural. Structurally, the absence of a permanent pier and lack of regulatory oversight are the dominant factors increasing risks. Operationally, the captain’s ability to determine anchorage points and the limited availability of safety equipment serve as critical challenges. Culturally, low public awareness of safety procedures further exacerbates vulnerabilities. Evaluation against international standards (SOLAS, STCW, ISM Code, LSA Code) and national regulations (Law No. 17/2008, MoT Regulation No. 11/2023) reveals significant gaps between requirements and actual practices. The risk matrix analysis shows that most hazards, such as passengers falling overboard, capsizing of small transfer boats, and injuries from gangways, fall under the High–Extreme category. Therefore, this study recommends strengthening regulatory oversight, providing safety facilities in compliance with standards, and promoting safety culture awareness among local communities to minimize maritime accident risks.
References
Apsari, N. K. Y., Sukartini, N. W., & Suamba, I. B. P. (2022). Implementasi Sistem Manajemen Keselamatan Dan Kesehatan Kerja (SMK3) Pada Kegiatan Embarkasi Dan Debarkasi Penumpang Kapal Pada Terminal Domestik Pelabuhan Benoa-Bali [Diploma, Politeknik Negeri Bali]. https://repository.pnb.ac.id/2690/
Aydin, M., U?urlu, Ö., & Boran, M. (2022). Assessment of human error contribution to maritime pilot transfer operation under HFACS-PV and SLIM approach. Ocean Engineering, 266, 112830. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2022.112830
Bailey, C. A. (2017). A Guide to Qualitative Field Research. SAGE Publications.
Carreras Ruiz, J. (2023). Study and analysis of passage planning principles. Voyage planning and monitoring from Sakai to Point Fortin. https://hdl.handle.net/2117/386704
Casareale, C. (2019). Improving Safety at Sea through the Implementation of a New Maritime Emergency Management Model. https://iris.univpm.it/handle/11566/263314
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE Publications.
Habibi. (2018). Kegagalan Sistem Keselamatan Transportasi Laut di Indonesia. Jurnal Aplikasi Pelayaran Dan Kepelabuhanan. https://doi.org/10.30649/japk.v8i2.46
IMO. (2020). STCW: International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers?: Including 2010 Manila Amendments, STCW Convention and STCW Code. International Maritime Organization.
International Maritime Organization. (2017). Life -saving appliances: Including LSA code (2017 edition). International Maritime Organization.
International Maritime Organization. (2020). SOLAS: Consolidated edition 2020 (London). International Maritime Organization. //library.stipjakarta.ac.id%2Findex.php%3Fp%3Dshow_detail%26id%3D12975%26keywords%3D
Jiang, Z., Xiao, Z., Feng, Y., Cao, Y., Zhou, D., & Wang, X. (2025). Analysis of risk influential factors of marine pilots during the embarkation and disembarkation. Journal of Marine Engineering & Technology, 24(1), 40–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/20464177.2024.2397847
Jinca, M. Y., & Humang, W. P. (2023). Perencanaan dan Pengembangan Transportasi Wilayah Kepulauan. Nas Media Pustaka.
Levy, P. S., & Lemeshow, S. (2013). Sampling of Populations: Methods and Applications. John Wiley & Sons.
Lu, P., & Aljawarneh, S. (2022). Case Study on Berthing and Disembarking of Ships and Traffic Organization in Rugao Port of Nantong. Mob. Inf. Syst., 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4261240
Mandi, N. B. R. (2015). Pelabuhan—Perencanaan dan Perancangan konstruksi bangunan laut dan pantai. Buku Arti.
Meštrovi?, F. (2016). Procedures on arrival and departure from international ports [Info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis, University of Zadar. Maritime Department. Division of Nautical Studies]. https://urn.nsk.hr/urn:nbn:hr:162:524185
MM, P. D. H. B. S., SE. (2021). Manajemen Pelabuhan dan Realisasi Ekspor Impor. Penerbit Andi.
Patton, M. Q. (2014). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. SAGE Publications.
Pelu, M. M. (2024, July 22). Sore Ini, KM. Frans Kaisiepo Siap Berangkat dari Ambon ke Berbagai Wilayah di Maluku, Cek Rutenya—Tribunambon.com. https://ambon.tribunnews.com/2024/07/22/sore-ini-km-frans-kaisiepo-siap-berangkat-dari-ambon-ke-berbagai-wilayah-di-maluku-cek-rutenya
PM 11 Tahun 2023 tentang Pelaksanaan Konvensi International untuk Keselamatan Jiwa di Laut beserta amandemennya (2023). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/254400/permenhub-no-11-tahun-2023
Reason, J. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge University Press.
Sugiyono. (2017). Metode penelitian pendidikan: Pendekatan kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R & D. Alfabeta.
Susanto, P. C., Pahala, Y., & Setyowati, T. M. (2021). KONEKTIVITAS PELAYARAN PERINTIS SEBAGAI BAGIAN SISTEM DISTRIBUSI LOGISTIK DALAM MENDUKUNG KEBERHASILAN TOL LAUT. Jurnal Transportasi, Logistik, Dan Aviasi, 1(1), 97–109. https://doi.org/10.52909/jtla.v1i1.42
Suyono, R. S., & Mukti, E. T. (2018). Studi Dan Evaluasi Operasional Pelayaran Perintis Di Indonesia. Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 18(2), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.26418/jtst.v18i2.31216
Tahta, M. B. (2024). ANALISIS PROSES EMBARKASI DAN DEBARKASI PENUMPANG KM. DOBONSOLO DI PELABUHAN AMBON [Diploma, POLITEKNIK ILMU PELAYARAN SEMARANG]. https://library.pip-semarang.ac.id
Undang-undang No. 17 Tahun 2008 tentang Pelayaran, 17 (2008). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/39060
Vieira, G. B. B., Silva, R. M. D., Senna, L. A. D. S., Neto, F. J. K., & Costa, P. C. (2019). The VTMIS implementation and their impact on pilotage and mooring operations: A comparative study between the ports of Barcelona (Spain) and Santos (Brazil). International Journal of Logistics Systems and Management, 32(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJLSM.2019.097076
Wiku, Y. A. (2023). ANALISIS KETERLAMBATAN PROSES EMBARKASI DAN DEBARKASI KM. BUKIT RAYA AKIBAT GAGAL SANDAR DI PULAU MIDAI [Diploma, POLITEKNIK ILMU PELAYARAN SEMARANG]. https://library.pip-semarang.ac.id
Zed, M. (2008). Metode Penelitian Kepustakaan. Yayasan Pustaka Obor Indonesia.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Fadel Muhammad, Muhammad Idris, Idham Dwi Satria, Filemon Filemon, Muhammad Sapril Siregar, Stevian G. A. Rakka
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish their manuscripts in this journal agree to the following conditions:
- The copyright on each article belongs to the author(s).
- The author acknowledges that the Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science (DIJEMSS) has the right to be the first to publish with a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
- Authors can submit articles separately, arrange for the non-exclusive distribution of manuscripts that have been published in this journal into other versions (e.g., sent to the author's institutional repository, publication into books, etc.), by acknowledging that the manuscript has been published for the first time in the Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science (DIJEMSS).
