The Contribution of Authoritative Parenting Style to Entrepreneurial Preparedness: Mediated by Risk Tolerance, Self-Efficacy, and Creativity
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v4i6.2053Keywords:
authoritative parenting, risk tolerance, self-efficacy, creativity, entrepreneurial preparedness.Abstract
This study aims to investigate the relationship between authoritative parenting and entrepreneurial preparedness, with risk tolerance, self-efficacy, and creativity as mediating factors. Parenting styles play a significant role in shaping children's behavior, including nurturing their entrepreneurial spirit from an early age. The study involved a sample of 296 respondents. IBM AMOS version 23 was employed for hypothesis testing. Additionally, a sobel-test calculator was utilized to examine mediation. Ultimately, the results support all nine proposed hypotheses, providing valuable insights into the relationship between authoritative parenting, risk tolerance, self-efficacy, creativity, and entrepreneurial preparedness. The findings confirm several key aspects that researchers initially hypothesized. First, authoritative parenting has a positive and significant impact on risk tolerance, self-efficacy, and creativity. Second, risk tolerance, self-efficacy, and creativity have positive and significant effects on entrepreneurial preparedness. Furthermore, the results indicate that risk tolerance, self-efficacy, and creativity mediate the relationship between authoritative parenting and entrepreneurial preparedness. The findings of this research demonstrate that authoritative parenting can influence children's character development, leading to higher levels of creativity, self-confidence, and risk tolerance traits essential for entrepreneurs
References
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Raki?evi?, Z., & Jovana. (2022). How Entrepreneurial Education and Environment Affect Entrepreneurial Readiness of STEM and Business Students? A Longitudinal Study. Engineering Economics, 33(4), 414-432.
Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2004). Pathways to successful entrepreneurship: Parenting, personality, early entrepreneurial competence, and interests. Journal of vocational behavior, 65(3), 498-518.
Shanine, K. K., Madison, K., Combs, J. G., & Eddleston, K. A. (2022). Parenting the Successor: It Starts at Home and Leaves an Enduring Impact on the Family Business. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, 10422587221088772.
Soomro, B. A., & Shah, N. (2022). Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention among commerce students in Pakistan. Education+ Training, 64(1), 107-125.
Syed, A. M., Alaraifi, A., & Ahmad, S. (2019). Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia: risk attitude and predisposition towards risk management. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(4), 1-18.
Tam, C. L., Chong, A., Kadirvelu, A., & Khoo, Y. T. (2012). Parenting styles and self-efficacy of adolescents: Malaysian scenario. Global Journal of Human Social Sciences, 12(14 (Version 1)), 19-25.
Wang, C., Mundorf, N., & Salzarulo-McGuigan. (2022). Entrepreneurship education enhances entrepreneurial creativity: The mediating role of entrepreneurial inspiration. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100570.
Wang, C. L., & Chugh, H. (2014). Entrepreneurial learning: Past research and future challenges. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 16(1), 24-61.
Wang, T., Cao, J., & Lin, N. J. A. P. J. o. M. (2023). From sibship to entrepreneurship: an intragenerational perspective on entrepreneurial intention and action. 1-22.
Wu, C. S. T., Wong, H. T., Yu, K. F., Fok, K. W., Yeung, S. M., Lam, C. H., & Liu, K. M. (2016). Parenting approaches, family functionality, and internet addiction among Hong Kong adolescents. BMC pediatrics, 16(1), 1-10.
Wu, J., Alshaabani, A., & Rudnák, I. J. S. (2022). Testing the influence of self-efficacy and demographic characteristics among international students on entrepreneurial intention in the context of Hungary. 14(3), 1069.
Wu, L., Jiang, S., Wang, X., Yu, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of college students: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the moderating role of entrepreneurial competition experience. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 6056.
Zhang, Y., Li, P., Zhang, Z. S., Zhang, X., & Shi, J. J. F. i. P. (2022). The relationships of parental responsiveness, teaching responsiveness, and creativity: The mediating role of creative self-efficacy. 12, 6705.
Ahmed, M. A., Khattak, M. S., & Anwar, M. (2022). Personality traits and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of risk aversion. Journal of Public Affairs, 22(1), e2275.
Azzala, Q. L., & Arjanggi, R. J. P. J. I. P. (2022). Authoritative Parenting and Self-Efficacy as Predictitors of Junior High School's Academic Achievement during The Covid-19 Pandemic. 13(2).
Bahrurohman, Y. (2018). Pengaruh Pendidikan Kewirausahaan, Efikasi Diri dan Kesiapan Instrumentasi Wirausaha terhadap Minat Berwirausaha Mahasiswa (Studi pada Mahasiswa FEB di PTN dan PTS di Sukoharjo). Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta,
Bandura, & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1): Englewood cliffs Prentice Hall.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. The journal of early adolescence, 11(1), 56-95.
Bilton, C. (2010). Manageable creativity. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 16(3), 255-269.
Biraglia, A., & Kadile, V. (2017). The role of entrepreneurial passion and creativity in developing entrepreneurial intentions: Insights from American homebrewers. Journal of small business management, 55(1), 170-188.
Cahyani, U. E., Masruri, S., & Hanafi, S. M. J. J. E. B. d. K. (2022). Does Entrepreneurship Education Matter For Islamic Higher Education Students’entrepreneurial Readiness? , 11(2), 258-275.
Cheung, S. K., Cheng, W. Y., Cheung, R. Y., Lau, E. Y. H., Chung, K. K. H. J. L., & Differences, I. (2022). Home learning activities and parental autonomy support as predictors of pre-academic skills: The mediating role of young children's school liking. 94, 102127.
Combs, J. G., Shanine, K. K., Burrows, S., Allen, J. S., & Pounds, T. W. (2020). What do we know about business families? Setting the stage for leveraging family science theories. Family Business Review, 33(1), 38-63.
Ding, Z., Jiang, X., Liu, Z., Long, R., Xu, Z., & Cao, Q. (2018). Factors affecting low-carbon consumption behavior of urban residents: A comprehensive review. Resources, Conservation Recycling, 132, 3-15.
Do Nguyen, Q., & Nguyen, H. T. J. T. I. J. o. M. E. (2023). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intention: The mediating role of entrepreneurial capacity. 21(1), 100730.
Dong, Y., Lin, J., Li, H., Cheng, L., Niu, W., Tong, Z. J. T. S., & Creativity. (2022). How parenting styles affect children’s creativity: Through the lens of self. 45, 101045.
Edwards, J., Miles, M. P., D'Alessandro, S., & Frost, M. (2023). Entrepreneurial strategy-making, corporate entrepreneurship preparedness and entrepreneurial sales actions: Improving B2B sales performance. Journal of Business Research, 157, 113586.
Fan, L., Lim, H., & Lee, J. M. J. F. R. (2022). Young adults' financial advice?seeking behavior: The roles of parental financial socialization. 71(3), 1226-1246.
Fletcher, A. C., Walls, J. K., Cook, E. C., Madison, K. J., & Bridges, T. H. (2008). Parenting style as a moderator of associations between maternal disciplinary strategies and child well-being. Journal of Family issues, 29(12), 1724-1744.
Hayek, J., Schneider, F., Lahoud, N., Tueni, M., & de Vries, H. J. P. o. (2022). Authoritative parenting stimulates academic achievement, also partly via self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades. 17(3), e0265595.
Irawan, P., Purwandari, E., Ratu, L. P., Khoirudin, A., & Iskandar, E. J. J. P. E. (2023). The Role Of Entrepreneurship Learning In Growing Student Entrepreneurial Interest. 8(1), 97-106.
Kominfo. (2020). Data Jumlah Entrepreneurship di Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www.kominfo.go.id/
Laible, D. J., Kumru, A., Carlo, G., Streit, C., Selcuk, B., & Sayil, M. (2017). The longitudinal associations among temperament, parenting, and Turkish children's prosocial behaviors. Child Development, 88(4), 1057-1062.
Liu, C., Su, W., & Zhan, X. (2022). The Influence of Parental Warmth and Family Rearing Style on College Students’ Creativity Tendency: The Mediating Role of General Self-Efficacy. Paper presented at the 2022 8th International Conference on Humanities and Social Science Research (ICHSSR 2022).
Liu, J., Zhu, Y., Serapio, M. G., & Cavusgil, S. T. (2019). The new generation of millennial entrepreneurs: A review and call for research. International Business Review, 28(5), 101581.
Mahmood, T. M. A. T., Mamun, A. A., & Ibrahim, M. D. (2020). Attitude towards entrepreneurship: A study among Asnaf Millennials in Malaysia. Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 2-14.
Morrison, M., Drake, B. J. C., & Review, Y. S. (2023). Foster children in care due to parental incarceration: A national longitudinal study. 144, 106708.
Muñoz, P., Janssen, F., Nicolopoulou, K., & Hockerts, K. (2018). Advancing sustainable entrepreneurship through substantive research. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior Research.
Muñoz, P., Kimmitt, J., Kibler, E., & Farny, S. (2019). Living on the slopes: entrepreneurial preparedness in a context under continuous threat. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 31(5-6), 413-434.
Nguyen, M. T. T. (2019). Materialistic values and green apparel purchase intention among young Vietnamese consumers. Young Consumers.
Pittaway, L., & Thorpe, R. (2012). A framework for entrepreneurial learning: A tribute to Jason Cope. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 24(9-10), 837-859.
Prihatiningrum, P., Susilowati, S. M. E., & Prasetyo, A. P. B. (2020). Effect of Bioentrepreneurship on Biology Learning Achievement, Creativity, and Entrepreneurial Interest. Journal of Innovative Science Education, 9(3), 250-259.
Putra, A. M. (2018). Pengaruh Toleransi Risiko, Kepercayaan diri dan Ketersediaan Modal Terhadap Minat Berurausaha Orang Muda Khatolik Gereja Santa Maria Assumpta Klaten.
Raki?evi?, Z., & Jovana. (2022). How Entrepreneurial Education and Environment Affect Entrepreneurial Readiness of STEM and Business Students? A Longitudinal Study. Engineering Economics, 33(4), 414-432.
Schmitt-Rodermund, E. (2004). Pathways to successful entrepreneurship: Parenting, personality, early entrepreneurial competence, and interests. Journal of vocational behavior, 65(3), 498-518.
Shanine, K. K., Madison, K., Combs, J. G., & Eddleston, K. A. (2022). Parenting the Successor: It Starts at Home and Leaves an Enduring Impact on the Family Business. Entrepreneurship Theory Practice, 10422587221088772.
Soomro, B. A., & Shah, N. (2022). Entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, need for achievement and entrepreneurial intention among commerce students in Pakistan. Education+ Training, 64(1), 107-125.
Syed, A. M., Alaraifi, A., & Ahmad, S. (2019). Entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia: risk attitude and predisposition towards risk management. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(4), 1-18.
Tam, C. L., Chong, A., Kadirvelu, A., & Khoo, Y. T. (2012). Parenting styles and self-efficacy of adolescents: Malaysian scenario. Global Journal of Human Social Sciences, 12(14 (Version 1)), 19-25.
Wang, C., Mundorf, N., & Salzarulo-McGuigan. (2022). Entrepreneurship education enhances entrepreneurial creativity: The mediating role of entrepreneurial inspiration. International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100570.
Wang, C. L., & Chugh, H. (2014). Entrepreneurial learning: Past research and future challenges. Entrepreneurship Regional Development, 16(1), 24-61.
Wang, T., Cao, J., & Lin, N. J. A. P. J. o. M. (2023). From sibship to entrepreneurship: an intragenerational perspective on entrepreneurial intention and action. 1-22.
Wu, C. S. T., Wong, H. T., Yu, K. F., Fok, K. W., Yeung, S. M., Lam, C. H., & Liu, K. M. (2016). Parenting approaches, family functionality, and internet addiction among Hong Kong adolescents. BMC pediatrics, 16(1), 1-10.
Wu, J., Alshaabani, A., & Rudnák, I. J. S. (2022). Testing the influence of self-efficacy and demographic characteristics among international students on entrepreneurial intention in the context of Hungary. 14(3), 1069.
Wu, L., Jiang, S., Wang, X., Yu, L., & Wang, Y. (2022). Entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions of college students: The mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and the moderating role of entrepreneurial competition experience. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 6056.
Zhang, Y., Li, P., Zhang, Z. S., Zhang, X., & Shi, J. J. F. i. P. (2022). The relationships of parental responsiveness, teaching responsiveness, and creativity: The mediating role of creative self-efficacy. 12, 6705.
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2023-10-31
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