IMPROVING ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE WITH ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP THROUGH INTERVENING ORGANIZATIONAL COMMITMENT VARIABLES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.31933/dijdbm.v3i2.1118Keywords:
Organizational Culture, Transformational Leadership, Organizational Commitment, Organizatioal PerformanceAbstract
This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of organizational culture and transformational leadership on organizational performance through organizational commitment. This study uses a descriptive quantitative method with a causal approach. The object of this research is the regeneration of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Banten Province using a sample of 158 respondents. Questionnaire answers were measured using an interval scale of 1 – 10. Data were analyzed using the SmartPLS version 3.29 software. The results of this study stated that: 1). Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. 2). Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. 3). Organizational culture has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. 4). Transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on organizational commitment. 5). Organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on organizational performance. Organizational commitment can mediate between organizational culture and transformational leadership in partial mediation.
References
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Alrowwad, A., Abualoush, S. H., & Masa’deh, R. (2020). Innovation and intellectual capital as intermediary variables among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 39(2), 196–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2019-0062
Bui, T. V. A., Pham, T. T. H., Phung, X. T., Le, C. T., & Nguyen, N. T. (2021). Transformational leadership and employees’ perception of supply chain integration and organizational performance: the case of textile industry in Vietnam. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 9(1), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2020.10.005
Chandra, K., Arafah, W., & Basri, Y. Z. (2021). Analysis of the Effect of Green Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance and Competitive Advantages of Green through Green Innovation in Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Hunan University?Natural Sciences?.
Dewi, I. P., & Sukarno, G. (2021). Motivation as A Mediation of Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Work Environment , Impact on Employee Performance at Bank BJB Surabaya Branch Office. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Developmen, 04(04), 587–595.
Effiyanti, Lubis, A. R., Sofyan, & Syafruddin. (2021). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 583–593.
Ellys, E., & Ie, M. (2020). Pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan budaya organisasi terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha, 20(1), 75–84.
Emita, I., Syamsudin, & Sugeng, I. S. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT POS (PERSERO) Post Office Bekasi 17000. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(1), 83–89. http://www.jiemar.org
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Ghozali. I & Latan. H. (2015). Partial Least Square, Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program Smart PLS 3.0 (2nd ed.). Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Haerofiatna, Erlangga, H., Mulyana, Y., Sunarsi, D., & Solahudin, M. (2021). The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction and Teachers Performance. 12(7), 109–117.
Heriyanto, M. (2021). Effect Of Organizational Culture On Organizational Commitment And Nurse Involvement As Intervening Variable?: Study At Maternity Hospital Business In Pekanbaru City , Indonesia. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 1848–1865.
Imran, M., Ismail, F., Arshad, I., Zeb, F., & Zahid, H. (2021). The mediating role of innovation in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance in Pakistan’s banking sector. Journal of Public Affairs, July. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2717
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Jain, P., Duggal, T., & Ansari, A. H. (2019). Examining The Mediating Effect Of Trust And Psychological Well-Being On Transformational Leadership And Organizational Commitment. Benchmarking, 26(5), 1517–1532.
Jumiran, Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Sutardi, D., Sasono, I., & Asbari, M. (2020). Pengaruh Dimensi Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional: Studi Kasus pada Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 600–621. https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/555
Kanwal, Z., & Shar, A. H. (2021). Impact of Stress and Extrinsic Motivation on Organizational Commitment?: Empirical Analysis of Banking Sector. Elementary Education Online Journal, 20(5), 4609–4613.
Kesek, M. N., Tangon, J. N., & Korompis, S. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Pengendalian Internal terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Owner Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 5, 12–21.
Kim, E. J., & Park, S. (2019). The Role Of Transformational Leadership In Citizenship Behavior Organizational Learning And Interpersonal Trust As Mediators. International Journal of Manpower, 40(7), 1347–1360.
Kristine, E. (2017). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Alih Daya (Outsourcing) Di PT. Mitra Karya Jaya Sentosa. Jurnal Eksekutif, 14(2), 384–401.
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Linggiallo, H. D., Riadi, S. S., Hariyadi, S., & Adhimursandi, D. (2021). The Effect Of Predictor Variables On Employee Engagement And Organizational Commitment And Employee Performance. Journal Departement of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, 11, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.033
Luthan, F. (2006). Perilaku Organisasi (Edisi 10). Alih Bahasa: Vivin Andika Yuwono et al, Andi Ofset Yogyakarta.
Macedo, I. M., Pinho, J. C., & Silva, A. M. (2016). Revisiting the link between mission statements and organizational performance in the non-profit sector: The mediating effect of organizational commitment. European Management Journal, 34(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2015.10.003
Nawal, A., Shoaib, M., Rehman, A. U., & Záme?ník, R. (2021). HRM Practices and Organizational Performance of Higher Secondary Educational Institutions: Mediating Role of Service Innovation and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(4), 313–330. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2021.60543
Nuryanti, Y., Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Fauji, A., Gazali, & Asbari, M. (2020). Meningkatkan Komitmen Organisasional Dosen: Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Perguruan Tinggi dan Kepuasan Intrinsik & Ekstrinsik Dosen. Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 561–581.
Oupen, S. M., & Yudana, I. M. (2020). Kontribusi Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Budaya Organisasi, Disiplin Kerja, Dan Motivasi Kerja, Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Guru Sd. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.23887/japi.v11i1.3167
Pratama, I. G. A. A. E. B., Surtha, I. W., & I Gede Aryana Mahayasa. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Graha Kaori Group Di Gianyar (Studi Kasus Pada Unit Usaha Produk Dupa Aromatherapi). Jurnal Manajemen, 10(1), 53.
Purwanto, A., Purba, J. T., Bernarto, I., & Sijabat, R. (2021). Effect of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitments on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis, 9(1), 61.
Ramli, A. H., & Yudhistira, R. (2018). Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Komitmen Organisasi pada PT . Infomedia Solusi Humanika di Jakarta. Seminar Nasional Cendekiawan, 811–816.
Ricardianto, P. (2018). Human Capital Management (Edisi 1). In Media STMT Trisakti Perss Jakarta.
Salim, & Rajput. (2021). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership, Prosocial Behavioral Intentions, and Organizational Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 487–493.
Sapta, I. K. S., Muafi, M., & Setini, N. M. (2021). The Role of Technology, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction in Improving Employee Performance during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 495–505. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.495
Shofiyuddin, M., Pekalongan, U., Khotimah, N., Batang, S., & Tengah, J. (2021). The Effect Of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, And Organizational Commitments Toward Organizational Citizenship Behavior Of Indonesian Senior High School Teachers. ?lkö?retim Online, 20(3), 177–185.
Sinambela, L. P. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Membangun Tim Kerja Yang Solid Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja (Edisi 1). Bumi Aksara Jakarta.
Sugiono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D (Cetakan ke). Alfabeta, CV, Bandung.
Sule, E. T., & Priansah, D. J. (2018). Kepemimpinan & Perilaku Organisasi Membangun Organisasi Unggul di Era Perubahan (Edisi Pert). PT. Refika Aditama.
Sun, R., & Henderson, A. C. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Processes: Influencing Public Performance. Public Administration Review, 77(4), 554–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12654
Sungu, L. J., Weng, Q., & Xu, X. (2019). Organizational commitment and job performance: Examining the moderating roles of occupational commitment and transformational leadership. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(3), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12256
Sutrisno. H. Edy. (2015). Budaya Organisasi (Edisi Ke 4). Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Titisari. P. (2019). Peraanan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan (1 (ed.)). Mitra Wacana Media.
Uljanati, P. H., Nazararief, B., Marinda, V. S., Setiawati, I., Risviana, V. R., & Astari, E. A. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Learning on Organizational Performance on Embroidery Msmes in Tasikmalaya - Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(5), 2024–2034. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.05.108
Usmany, T., Hamid, D., & Utami, H. (2016). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Dan Kinerja Karyawan (Studi pada Karyawan Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin Sukun Perum Perhutani Kesatuan Bisnis Mandiri Industri Gondorukem dan Terpentin II, Ponorogo). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis S1 Universitas Brawijaya, 37(2), 38–44.
Wibowo. (2016). Manajemen Kinerja (Edisi 5). PT. Raja Grafindo Persada Jakarta.
Yukl, G. (2017). Kepemimpinan Dalam Organisasi (Edisi 7). Alih Bahasa: Ati Cahyani, PT. Indeks Jakarta.
Zeb, A, Saeed. G, Rehman, Ullah, R. (2018). Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and its Impact on the Performance of the Public Sector Organizations in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences, Vol: 8, 37–46.
Zeb, A., Akbar, F., Hussain, K., Safi, A., Rabnawaz, M., & Zeb, F. (2021). The competing value framework model of organizational culture, innovation and performance. Business Process Management Journal, 27(2), 658–683. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-11-2019-0464
Alhashedi, A. A. A., Bardai, B., Al-Dubai, M. M. M., & Alaghbari, M. A. (2021). Organizational citizenship behavior role in mediating the effect of transformational leadership on organizational performance in gold industry of saudi arabia. Business: Theory and Practice, 22(1), 39–54. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2021.12774
Alrowwad, A., Abualoush, S. H., & Masa’deh, R. (2020). Innovation and intellectual capital as intermediary variables among transformational leadership, transactional leadership, and organizational performance. Journal of Management Development, 39(2), 196–222. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-02-2019-0062
Bui, T. V. A., Pham, T. T. H., Phung, X. T., Le, C. T., & Nguyen, N. T. (2021). Transformational leadership and employees’ perception of supply chain integration and organizational performance: the case of textile industry in Vietnam. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 9(1), 159–168. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2020.10.005
Chandra, K., Arafah, W., & Basri, Y. Z. (2021). Analysis of the Effect of Green Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance and Competitive Advantages of Green through Green Innovation in Manufacturing Industries. Journal of Hunan University?Natural Sciences?.
Dewi, I. P., & Sukarno, G. (2021). Motivation as A Mediation of Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Work Environment , Impact on Employee Performance at Bank BJB Surabaya Branch Office. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Developmen, 04(04), 587–595.
Effiyanti, Lubis, A. R., Sofyan, & Syafruddin. (2021). The Influence of Transformational Leadership on Organizational Performance: A Case Study in Indonesia. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 583–593.
Ellys, E., & Ie, M. (2020). Pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan budaya organisasi terhadap komitmen organisasi karyawan. Jurnal Manajemen Maranatha, 20(1), 75–84.
Emita, I., Syamsudin, & Sugeng, I. S. (2021). The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT POS (PERSERO) Post Office Bekasi 17000. Journal of Industrial Engineering & Management Research, 2(1), 83–89. http://www.jiemar.org
Ferdinand. A. (2014). Metode Penelitian Manajemen?: Pedoman Penelitian Untuk Penulisan Skripsi, Tesis dan Disertasi Ilmu Manajemen (Edisi 5). Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Ghozali. I & Latan. H. (2015). Partial Least Square, Konsep, Teknik dan Aplikasi Menggunakan Program Smart PLS 3.0 (2nd ed.). Universitas Diponegoro Semarang.
Haerofiatna, Erlangga, H., Mulyana, Y., Sunarsi, D., & Solahudin, M. (2021). The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Work Environment on Job Satisfaction and Teachers Performance. 12(7), 109–117.
Heriyanto, M. (2021). Effect Of Organizational Culture On Organizational Commitment And Nurse Involvement As Intervening Variable?: Study At Maternity Hospital Business In Pekanbaru City , Indonesia. International Journal of Science, Technology & Management, 1848–1865.
Imran, M., Ismail, F., Arshad, I., Zeb, F., & Zahid, H. (2021). The mediating role of innovation in the relationship between organizational culture and organizational performance in Pakistan’s banking sector. Journal of Public Affairs, July. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2717
Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2020). Mapping The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership, Trust In Leadership And Employee Championing Behavior During Organizational Change. Asia Pacific Management Review, xxxx.
Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Idris, A. (2021). Mapping the relationship between transformational leadership, trust in leadership and employee championing behavior during organizational change. Asia Pacific Management Review, 26(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2020.09.002
Jain, P., Duggal, T., & Ansari, A. H. (2019). Examining The Mediating Effect Of Trust And Psychological Well-Being On Transformational Leadership And Organizational Commitment. Benchmarking, 26(5), 1517–1532.
Jumiran, Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Sutardi, D., Sasono, I., & Asbari, M. (2020). Pengaruh Dimensi Kepemimpinan Transformasional terhadap Kepuasan Kerja dan Komitmen Organisasional: Studi Kasus pada Dosen Perguruan Tinggi Swasta. Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 600–621. https://ummaspul.e-journal.id/Edupsycouns/article/view/555
Kanwal, Z., & Shar, A. H. (2021). Impact of Stress and Extrinsic Motivation on Organizational Commitment?: Empirical Analysis of Banking Sector. Elementary Education Online Journal, 20(5), 4609–4613.
Kesek, M. N., Tangon, J. N., & Korompis, S. (2021). Analisis Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi dan Pengendalian Internal terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Owner Riset & Jurnal Akuntansi, 5, 12–21.
Kim, E. J., & Park, S. (2019). The Role Of Transformational Leadership In Citizenship Behavior Organizational Learning And Interpersonal Trust As Mediators. International Journal of Manpower, 40(7), 1347–1360.
Kristine, E. (2017). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Melalui Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Alih Daya (Outsourcing) Di PT. Mitra Karya Jaya Sentosa. Jurnal Eksekutif, 14(2), 384–401.
Kurniasari, I. C., Thoyib, A., & Rofiaty, R. (2018). Peran Komitmen Organisasional Dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Kompetensi, Pelatihan Dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Perawat. Mix: Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 8(2), 352.
Linggiallo, H. D., Riadi, S. S., Hariyadi, S., & Adhimursandi, D. (2021). The Effect Of Predictor Variables On Employee Engagement And Organizational Commitment And Employee Performance. Journal Departement of Management, Faculty of Economics and Business, 11, 31–40. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2020.8.033
Luthan, F. (2006). Perilaku Organisasi (Edisi 10). Alih Bahasa: Vivin Andika Yuwono et al, Andi Ofset Yogyakarta.
Macedo, I. M., Pinho, J. C., & Silva, A. M. (2016). Revisiting the link between mission statements and organizational performance in the non-profit sector: The mediating effect of organizational commitment. European Management Journal, 34(1), 36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2015.10.003
Nawal, A., Shoaib, M., Rehman, A. U., & Záme?ník, R. (2021). HRM Practices and Organizational Performance of Higher Secondary Educational Institutions: Mediating Role of Service Innovation and Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 10(4), 313–330. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2021.60543
Nuryanti, Y., Novitasari, D., Nugroho, Y. A., Fauji, A., Gazali, & Asbari, M. (2020). Meningkatkan Komitmen Organisasional Dosen: Analisis Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Perguruan Tinggi dan Kepuasan Intrinsik & Ekstrinsik Dosen. Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 2(1), 561–581.
Oupen, S. M., & Yudana, I. M. (2020). Kontribusi Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Budaya Organisasi, Disiplin Kerja, Dan Motivasi Kerja, Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Guru Sd. Jurnal Administrasi Pendidikan Indonesia, 11(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.23887/japi.v11i1.3167
Pratama, I. G. A. A. E. B., Surtha, I. W., & I Gede Aryana Mahayasa. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Komitmen Organisasi Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Graha Kaori Group Di Gianyar (Studi Kasus Pada Unit Usaha Produk Dupa Aromatherapi). Jurnal Manajemen, 10(1), 53.
Purwanto, A., Purba, J. T., Bernarto, I., & Sijabat, R. (2021). Effect of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, and Organizational Commitments on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Inovbiz: Jurnal Inovasi Bisnis, 9(1), 61.
Ramli, A. H., & Yudhistira, R. (2018). Pengaruh Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan melalui Komitmen Organisasi pada PT . Infomedia Solusi Humanika di Jakarta. Seminar Nasional Cendekiawan, 811–816.
Ricardianto, P. (2018). Human Capital Management (Edisi 1). In Media STMT Trisakti Perss Jakarta.
Salim, & Rajput. (2021). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership, Prosocial Behavioral Intentions, and Organizational Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 487–493.
Sapta, I. K. S., Muafi, M., & Setini, N. M. (2021). The Role of Technology, Organizational Culture, and Job Satisfaction in Improving Employee Performance during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(1), 495–505. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no1.495
Shofiyuddin, M., Pekalongan, U., Khotimah, N., Batang, S., & Tengah, J. (2021). The Effect Of Transformational Leadership, Job Satisfaction, And Organizational Commitments Toward Organizational Citizenship Behavior Of Indonesian Senior High School Teachers. ?lkö?retim Online, 20(3), 177–185.
Sinambela, L. P. (2019). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Membangun Tim Kerja Yang Solid Untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja (Edisi 1). Bumi Aksara Jakarta.
Sugiono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R&D (Cetakan ke). Alfabeta, CV, Bandung.
Sule, E. T., & Priansah, D. J. (2018). Kepemimpinan & Perilaku Organisasi Membangun Organisasi Unggul di Era Perubahan (Edisi Pert). PT. Refika Aditama.
Sun, R., & Henderson, A. C. (2017). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Processes: Influencing Public Performance. Public Administration Review, 77(4), 554–565. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12654
Sungu, L. J., Weng, Q., & Xu, X. (2019). Organizational commitment and job performance: Examining the moderating roles of occupational commitment and transformational leadership. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 27(3), 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12256
Sutrisno. H. Edy. (2015). Budaya Organisasi (Edisi Ke 4). Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Titisari. P. (2019). Peraanan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) Dalam Meningkatkan Kinerja Karyawan (1 (ed.)). Mitra Wacana Media.
Uljanati, P. H., Nazararief, B., Marinda, V. S., Setiawati, I., Risviana, V. R., & Astari, E. A. (2021). The Effect of Transformational Leadership and Organizational Learning on Organizational Performance on Embroidery Msmes in Tasikmalaya - Indonesia. Review of International Geographical Education Online, 11(5), 2024–2034. https://doi.org/10.48047/rigeo.11.05.108
Usmany, T., Hamid, D., & Utami, H. (2016). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasional Dan Kinerja Karyawan (Studi pada Karyawan Pabrik Gondorukem dan Terpentin Sukun Perum Perhutani Kesatuan Bisnis Mandiri Industri Gondorukem dan Terpentin II, Ponorogo). Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis S1 Universitas Brawijaya, 37(2), 38–44.
Wibowo. (2016). Manajemen Kinerja (Edisi 5). PT. Raja Grafindo Persada Jakarta.
Yukl, G. (2017). Kepemimpinan Dalam Organisasi (Edisi 7). Alih Bahasa: Ati Cahyani, PT. Indeks Jakarta.
Zeb, A, Saeed. G, Rehman, Ullah, R. (2018). Transformational and Transactional Leadership Styles and its Impact on the Performance of the Public Sector Organizations in Pakistan. Journal of Social Sciences, Vol: 8, 37–46.
Zeb, A., Akbar, F., Hussain, K., Safi, A., Rabnawaz, M., & Zeb, F. (2021). The competing value framework model of organizational culture, innovation and performance. Business Process Management Journal, 27(2), 658–683. https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-11-2019-0464
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