THE EFFECT OF INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FACTORS ON ENTREPRENEURIAL INTEREST MEDIATED BY ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION ON STUDENTS OF AN NAJIYAH VOCATIONAL SCHOOL TANGGERANG OF 2019/2020 ACADEMIC YEAR

DOI:10.31933/DIJDBM Abstract: Unemployment in Indonesia continues to increase every year. One cause of the unemployment problem is school graduates who have the goal of finding jobs, not developing more jobs. One step in reducing unemployment and increasing employment is by entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship education. An Najiyah Tangerang Vocational School is one of the schools that provide the entrepreneurial understanding and hands-on learning practice. This study aims to determine the effect of internal and external factors on entrepreneurial interest mediated by entrepreneurship education on students of An Najiyah Vocational School Tangerang. This study used a quantitative approach with data analysis in testing the measurement model and the structural model using SmartPLS software version 3.2.8. The results showed that internal and external factors had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial interest on students of An Najiyah Vocational School. If the internal and external factors were mediated by the variable of entrepreneurship education, the effect was significant on entrepreneurial interest. In addition, entrepreneurship education also has a significant positive effect on the entrepreneurial interest of An Najiyah Vocational School.


INTRODUCTION
Unemployment in Indonesia continues to increase every year. In February 2017, the number of work generation amounted to 113.9 million along with total unemployment of 68.7 million as well as the work generations of 127.07 million. In 2018, the total of work generation increased by 2.39 million. Graduates of vocational High School (SMK) give the highest share of unemployment, which is 8.92% when viewed from the level of education (https://www.bps.go.id/). gained at the Vocational High School (SMK) not only become a basic asset for students to prepare in the working world but are also used to prepare students to become entrepreneurs. An Najiyah Vocational School Tangerang is one of the Islamic Private Vocational Schools located in South Tangerang City. An Najiyah Vocational School Tangerang provides an entrepreneurial understanding and hands-on learning practices and always strives to carry out the vision and mission of the vocational school both in terms of learning and providing training to students in encouraging the attainment of specific goals of vocational school.
Entrepreneurship education with a diverse educational environment is expected to advance the culture of entrepreneurship, advertise the establishment of new businesses, and can support entrepreneurial thinking with education and learning (Kuratko, 2005in Budi, 2018. The purpose of entrepreneurship education is to make students can learn in understanding entrepreneurship, learning to get an entrepreneurial spirit, and learning to become an entrepreneur.
Based on the above phenomenon, the researcher wanted to conduct a study on the Effect of Internal and External Factors on Entrepreneurial Interest Mediated by Entrepreneurship Education on Students of An Najiyah Vocational School Tangerang in 2019/2020 Academic Year. The researcher had conducted a pre-survey before on the students of AN Najiyah Vocational School Tangerang, and the following results were obtained:

LITERATURE REVIEW Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship is an innovative and creative capability which is used as a starting point, strategy, and resource to find opportunities to succeed. The subject of entrepreneurship is the capability to create something new and diverse with creative ideas as well as innovation to realize opportunities. Many entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs achieve success because they have creative and innovative capabilities (Suryana, 2010in Ine Ruswati, 2018. Whereas according to (Havidz Aima, 2015in Zaenal Afandi, 2019 entrepreneurship is a creative and innovative ability that is the basis for it, a tip and a resource to find opportunities for success. The point is the ability to create something new and different through creative thinking and innovative acting to look for opportunities in the face of life's challenges.

Internal factors
Suhartini (2011) stated that internal factors are existing factors caused by the effect of encouragement in human beings themselves. Internal factors include creativity, innovation, emotion, Locus of Control (LOC), Need of Achievement (N'ACH), Risk-Taking, and the Soul of Entrepreneurship. The internal factors used by the researcher as dimensions of internal factors include the Soul of Entrepreneurship andCreativity (Chairy, 2011 in Ine Ruswati, 2018). According to Nickels (2005), the Soul of Entrepreneurship is possessed by a person who seeks to have an entrepreneurial spirit. According to Alma (2008), creativity is the expertise to create new combinations and pay attention to the new links between variable data components that already exist.

External Factors
External factors are factors that originate from outside oneself or a person. According to Walgito (2004) in Hengky Widhiandono (2016), Convergence Theory explains that the environment has a vital position in one's development. Reality often happens to prove this theory. A person or individual who grows up in the scope or business environment will tend to have more opportunities to become an entrepreneur. And this also applies to other individuals who grow up in the scope or environment of farmers, employees, teachers, fishermen, and so on. Generally, the environment can be explained into two, including the natural and social environment.

Entrepreneurship Education
Entrepreneurship education has the aim to improve students' insights and understanding of entrepreneurship through attitudes, knowledge, and expertise to overcome the complexities embedded in entrepreneurial tasks (Fiet, 2000;Segal et al, 2005in Yudi Siswadi, 2013. Through education, the knowledge gained by individuals will make a person more confident, intellectual, have good character, innovative, creative, able to choose and make the right decisions, moral, and improve the quality of other resources so that they will be able to work on their own. Education has a function in shaping a person's personality to become stronger and resilient. A strong personality can also be one of the basic steps for an entrepreneur (Widhiandono, Hengky 2016).

Entrepreneurial Interest
Entrepreneurial interest is described as the will, interest, and desire to always work hard to meet needs without fear of risk (Fu'adi, Eko, & Murdani, 2009). Factors affecting entrepreneurial interest are subjective norms. Subjective norms are generated by the existence of normative beliefs and a willingness to follow. Normative beliefs are related to expectations originating from a person or group of people that influence individuals (significant others) such as parents, friends, spouses, colleagues, and others, depending on the behavior carried out (Ajzen, 2005in I Made Yudi, 2016. Then, the factor of personal attitude consists of age, gender, and personal experience or experiences that change some manners (Amofah, 2006). The next factor, Perceived Behavior Control, is described as the expertise in individuals to carry out a behavior. Perceived Behavioral Control reflects a person's belief in how easily an individual is able to show behavior.

Framework
One of the causes of the many unemployment problems is the large number of school graduates whose sole purpose is to find jobs, not to add more jobs. The students' insights and abilities gained at the Vocational High School (SMK) not only become a basic asset for students to prepare in the working world but are also used to prepare students to become entrepreneurs. An Najiyah Vocational School is one of the Islamic Private Vocational Schools located in South Tangerang City. An Najiyah Vocational School Tangerang provides an entrepreneurial understanding and hands-on learning practices. Entrepreneurship education with a diverse educational environment is expected to advance the culture of entrepreneurship, advertise the establishment of new businesses, and can support entrepreneurial thinking with education and learning (Kuratko, 2005in Budi, 2018. The purpose of entrepreneurship education is to make students can learn in understanding entrepreneurship, learning to get an entrepreneurial spirit, and learning to become an entrepreneur. Based on the description above, the researcher set a number of variables that are examined later, consisting of an independent variable (X), which is Internal Factors (X1), including the Soul of Entrepreneurship and Creativity. Meanwhile, the External Factors (X2) include the Natural Environment and Family Environment. Whereas, the dependent variable (Y) is Entrepreneurship Education (Y1), including Entrepreneurial Characteristics and Entrepreneurial Knowledge. Meanwhile, the Entrepreneurial Interest (Y2) includes Normative Belief, Personal Attitude, and Perceived Behavioral Control. So, the mindset in this study is as follows:

Figure 4. Framework
Referring to the mindset above, this study aimed to find out and explain about internal factors that have a significant effect on entrepreneurship education at An Najiyah Vocational School, External Factors that have a significant effect on entrepreneurship education at An Najiyah Vocational School, Internal Factors that have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School, External Factors that have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School, Entrepreneurship Education that has a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School, Internal Factors and External Factors that have a significant effect on entrepreneurship education at An Najiyah Vocational School, Internal Factors, External factors, and entrepreneurship education that have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School, Entrepreneurship Education that significantly mediates the effect of internal and external factors on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School.

Hypotheses
Hypothesis 1 : Internal factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurship education at An Najiyah Vocational School Hypothesis 2 : External factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurship education at An Najiyah Vocational School Hypothesis 3 : Internal factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School Hypothesis 4 : External factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School Hypothesis 5 : Entrepreneurship Education has a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School Hypothesis 6 : Internal Factors and External Factors have a significant effect on Entrepreneurship education at An Najiyah Vocational School Hypothesis 7 : Internal factors, external factors, and entrepreneurial education have a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School Hypothesis 8 : Entrepreneurship Education significantly mediates the effect of internal factors and external factors on entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School.

RESEARCH METHODS
The type of research used in this research was quantitative research. The data used in this study were primary data in the form of survey results. To collect complete, significant, and complementary data, in addition to primary data, the author also used secondary data. This research was conducted to understand, describe, and analyze the relationship between independent variables to the dependent variables. The analysis used in this study was relevant statistical data to test hypotheses. Therefore, the data obtained in this study could later provide a clear picture of the object under study, and later, a conclusion could be made. The research variables described in terms of dimensions, indicators, and question items as data collection instruments could be seen in Table 1. Source: Data processed by the researcher, 2020

Population and Samples
The population in this study were all students of An Najiyah Vocational School that had received instruction in entrepreneurship subjects totaling 170 students. Therefore, to calculate the sample of An Najiyah Vocational School students, the Slovin formula was used with a leeway of 5%, Available Online: https://dinastipub.org/DIJDBM Page 685 resulting in a total sample of 119. The sampling technique used in this study was simple random sampling on Probability Sampling. This type of sampling was a sampling system of a portion of the population done randomly regardless of the level in some populations (Sugiyono, 2014).

Data analysis
The data analysis method used in this research was the SmartPLS software version 3.2.8. Partial Least Square (PLS) was a study of structural equations on the basis of variance which together tested the measurement model and the structural model. Validity and reliability tests were carried out using a measurement model, while the causality test was carried out using a structural model.

RESEARCH RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Characteristics of Respondents
Characteristics of respondents in this study are presented in Table 2 as follows: Source: Data processed by the researcher, 2020

Evaluation of the Reflective Measurement Model (Outer Model) or Test Indicator
Below is a picture of the calculation results of the measurement model with SEM PLS version 3.2.8 which is then viewed by the factor loading value on the indicators in each research variable. The loading factor value used in this study is >0.5. Therefore, if the loading factor value is <0.5, the calculation results of the measurement model (outer model) will be removed from the model. Evaluation of convergent validity from the examination of Average variance extracted (AVE) illustrates the magnitude of variance or diversity of variable manifest that can be possessed by latent constructs. The greater the variance or diversity of variable manifest that can be contained by latent constructs, the greater the representation of variable manifest towards its latent constructs. Evaluation of convergent validity from the examination of Average Variance Extracted (AVE) can be seen from the value of AVE based on the results of data processing with SmartPLS version 3.2.8 in Table 3. Source: Data processed by researchers, 2020 Based on Table 3 above, it is known that all instruments have an AVE value >0.5, which is 0.658 for internal factors, 0.505 for external factors, 0.589 for entrepreneurship education, and 0.584 for entrepreneurial interest. And the AVE value >0.5 above shows a good measure of convergent validity.
Evaluation of convergent validity from internal consistency reliability checks can be seen from the Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha and Composite Reliability (CR) values shown in Table 4.9. The table presented is the result of the SmartPLS calculation version 3.2.8. A construct or variable is considered reliable if it has a Cronbach's Alpha value in the range of 0.60 to 0.80 and is considered to be quite reliable (moderate) if it is in the range of 0.40 to 0.60, and Composite Reliability is above 0.80. From the SmartPLS output above, all constructs or variables have a Cronbach's alpha values above 0.40 and composite reliability above 0.70. Therefore, it can be concluded that the construct or variable has fairly good reliability.

Testing Discriminant Validity
The validity of the indicators on each research variable can also be done by testing discriminant validity by checking the cross-loading value, which is the indicator correlation coefficient on its  Based on the results of discriminant validity testing after modification of the model, as shown in Table 5 above, all indicators have a cross-loading value to the construct greater than the value of the cross-loading to other constructs. Therefore. it is declared valid. It can be concluded that the constructs of internal factors, external factors, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurial interest have fairly good discriminant validity.

Evaluating the Path Coefficient Value
In evaluating the path coefficient, based on the results of calculations using SmartPLS version 3.2.8 bootstrapping, the path coefficient results obtained illustrate the strength of the relationship between constructs/variables as shown in Figure 9 as follows: Based on Figure 9, the structural equation of this research can be formulated as follows: Entrepreneurship Education ( ) Entrepreneurial Interest ( )

Evaluating R 2 Value
In evaluating the R 2 value based on the calculation results using the SmartPLS version 3.2.8 algorithm, the R 2 value is 0.243 for the entrepreneurship education variable and 0.606 for the entrepreneurial interest variable. The R 2 value shows that the level of determination of exogenous variables (internal factors and external factors) on the endogenous variables is quite high. The simultaneous effect of the variables of internal and external factors on entrepreneurship education can be done by calculating f count / f statistics using the formula as follows.

Measuring Effect Size f 2
The purpose of measuring the effect size f 2 is to see the size of the effect of exogenous latent variables on endogenous latent variables or to see the goodness of the model. The results of the calculation of the effect size (f square) value with Smart PLS version 3.2.8 are shown in table 6 below.

Y2_ Entrepreneurial Interest
Source: Data processed by the researcher, 2020

Validating the Overall Structural Model with the Goodness of Fit Index (GoF)
The purpose of testing the Goodness of Fit Index (GoF) is to validate the combined performance of the measurement model (outer model) and the structural model (inner model) obtained through calculations as follows: Based on these results, it can be concluded that the combined performance of the measurement model (outer model) and the structural model (inner model) as a whole is fairly good because the Goodness of Fit Index (GoF) value is more than 0.36 (large scale GoF).

Predictive Relevance (Q 2 ) Testing
The purpose of testing predictive relevance (Q 2 ) is to validate the model. The results of the Q 2 calculation are as follows: Based on the results of the calculation above, the value of predictive relevance (Q 2 ) is 0.702. In this research model, endogenous latent variables have a value of predictive relevance (Q 2 ) greater than 0 (zero). Therefore, exogenous latent variables as explanatory variables can predict their endogenous variables, which is entrepreneurial interest or in other words, it proves that this model is considered to have good predictive relevance.

The Results of the Effect of Independent Variables on Dependent Variables
The results of statistical calculations with the SmartPLS program version 3.2.8 are shown in Table 4.15 and Table 7 below. Source: Data processed by the researcher, 2020 Source: Data processed by the researcher, 2020 Based on the table above, it can be concluded that the internal factors, external factors, and entrepreneurship education partially and simultaneously have a significant effect on the entrepreneurial interest at An Najiyah Vocational School. Entrepreneurship Education significantly mediates internal and external factors on the entrepreneurial interest of An Najiyah Vocational School.

Figure 10. Testing the Indirect Effect Model with Smart Pls
Source: Primary data processed by the researcher (2020)

Correlation Analysis Between Dimensions
Correlation matrix between dimensions is intended to determine the dimensions of the independent variables (internal and external factors), which have the highest correlation value with the dependent variable dimensions of Y1 (entrepreneurship education) and the dependent variable dimensions of Y2 (entrepreneurial interest) and to determine the dimensions of the dependent variable of Y1 (entrepreneurship education) which has the highest correlation value with the dependent variable dimensions of Y2 (entrepreneurial interest).   Source: Data processed by the researcher, 2020

Discussion
Internal and external factors have a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial interest on students of An Najiyah Vocational School. If internal and external factors are mediated by the entrepreneurship education variable, the effect is significant on entrepreneurial interest. In addition, entrepreneurship education also has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial interest. An Najiyah Vocational School students have better personal abilities after getting entrepreneurship education at school. They can also take the opportunity of entrepreneurship from the surrounding environment after getting entrepreneurship education at school. In fact, from internal and external factors, An Najiyah Vocational School students have an entrepreneurial interest but cannot realize it immediately after graduating from vocational schools. In addition, entrepreneurship education that has been learned by An Najiyah Vocational School students can foster students' entrepreneurial interest.

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Conclusion
Based on the results and discussions of previous studies, several conclusions can be made: (1) internal factors have a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship education, with the dimension of the soul of entrepreneurship that have the strongest effect, (2) external factors have a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship education, with the dimension of the family environment that have the strongest effect, (3) internal factors have no significant positive effect on entrepreneurial interest, (4) external factors have no significant positive effect on entrepreneurial interest, (5) entrepreneurship education as a mediator in this study has a significant effect on entrepreneurial interest, (6) internal and external factors together have a significant positive effect on entrepreneurship education, (7) internal factors, external factors, and entrepreneurship education simultaneously have a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurial interest, (8) entrepreneurship education mediates internal factors and external factors on entrepreneurial interest.

Recommendations
Therefore, the researcher gives the following suggestions: (1) An Najiyah Vocational School teachers are expected to be able to always help to foster the soul of entrepreneurship in students so students can apply in daily life to create ideas/creativity for entrepreneurship in accordance with the wishes of the students themselves. The teachers are expected to always guide and help students to have a good personal attitude and can foster the soul of entrepreneurship among all students. The teachers can always help explain to students how to take the opportunity to entrepreneurship from their family environments such as continuing a family business or those that are already around the environment where students live. The teachers are expected to be able to provide trading practices directly to students so that teachers can see the expertise in individual students to do a matter of entrepreneurial behavior. The teachers can always provide learning about entrepreneurial characteristics to the students so that students can have a good personal attitude in fostering entrepreneurial interest. In addition, An Najiyah Vocational School Tangerang can pay more attention to the environment around students by increasing entrepreneurship education and providing entrepreneurship training, which is expected to foster the student's entrepreneurial interest. (2) The expectation of the author is that further research can explore the variables that affect entrepreneurial interest more closely. The significant effect of entrepreneurship education as a mediator on entrepreneurial interest found in this study opens up the possibility of other effects on entrepreneurship education on other variables.